Kodi Mungasankhe Bwanji Zosakaniza Zabwino Kwambiri za Gasi Pakuwotcherera Kwanu ndi Laser?
Mitundu, Ubwino, ndi Mapulogalamu
Chiyambi:
Zinthu Zofunika Kudziwa Musanalowe M'madzi
Kuwotcherera pogwiritsa ntchito laser ndi njira yowotcherera yolondola kwambiri yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito kuwala kwa laser kusungunula zinthu zomwe zili mu workpiece kenako n’kupanga weld pambuyo poziziritsa. Pa kuwotcherera pogwiritsa ntchito laser, gasi ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri.
Mpweya woteteza sumangokhudza kapangidwe ka msoko wowotcherera, ubwino wa msoko wowotcherera, kulowa kwa msoko wowotcherera, ndi m'lifupi mwake komanso umakhudza mwachindunji ubwino ndi magwiridwe antchito a kuwotcherera kwa laser.
Ndi mpweya wotani womwe umafunika kuti ugwiritsidwe ntchito powotcherera ndi laser?Nkhaniyi ifotokoza mozama zakufunika kwa mpweya wothira laser, mpweya womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndi zomwe amachita.
Tidzakulangizaninsomakina abwino kwambiri odulira laserpa zosowa zanu.
N’chifukwa Chiyani Gasi Amafunika Powotcherera ndi Laser?
Kuwotcherera kwa Laser Beam
Pa nthawi yogwiritsa ntchito laser, kuwala kwa laser komwe kumakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri kumayang'ana kwambiri malo ogwiritsira ntchito laser.
Kuyambitsa kusungunuka kwa zinthu pamwamba pa chinthu chogwirira ntchito nthawi yomweyo.
Gasi amafunika panthawi yowotcherera ndi laser kuti ateteze malo owotcherera.
Yang'anirani kutentha, onjezerani ubwino wa chosungunula, ndikuteteza makina owunikira.
Kusankha mtundu woyenera wa gasi ndi magawo operekera mpweya ndi zinthu zofunika kwambiri pakutsimikizira kuti mpweya ndi wabwino.
Ndipo njira yokhazikika yowotcherera ndi laser komanso kupeza zotsatira zabwino kwambiri zowotcherera.
1. Chitetezo cha Malo Owotcherera
Pa nthawi yogwiritsa ntchito laser welding, malo olumikizirana amakumana ndi chilengedwe chakunja ndipo amakhudzidwa mosavuta ndi mpweya ndi mpweya wina mumlengalenga.
Mpweya wa okosijeni umayambitsa kusintha kwa okosijeni komwe kungayambitse kuchepa kwa ubwino wa weld, komanso kupanga ma pores ndi ma inclusions. Weld imatha kutetezedwa bwino ku kuipitsidwa ndi mpweya mwa kupereka mpweya woyenera, nthawi zambiri mpweya wopanda mphamvu monga argon, kudera lopakira.
2. Kulamulira kutentha
Kusankha ndi kupereka gasi kungathandize kuwongolera kutentha kwa malo olumikizirana. Mwa kusintha kuchuluka kwa mpweya ndi mtundu wa mpweya, kuchuluka kwa kuzizira kwa malo olumikizirana kungakhudzidwe. Izi ndizofunikira kuwongolera malo okhudzidwa ndi kutentha (HAZ) panthawi yolumikizirana ndikuchepetsa kusokonekera kwa kutentha.
3. Ubwino Wowonjezera Wotchingira
Mpweya wina wothandiza, monga mpweya kapena nayitrogeni, ukhoza kupititsa patsogolo ubwino ndi magwiridwe antchito a ma weld. Mwachitsanzo, kuwonjezera mpweya kungathandize kuti weld ilowe bwino ndikuwonjezera liwiro la weld, komanso kukhudza mawonekedwe ndi kuzama kwa weld.
4. Kuziziritsa kwa Gasi
Mu kuwotcherera ndi laser, malo owotcherera nthawi zambiri amakhudzidwa ndi kutentha kwambiri. Kugwiritsa ntchito njira yoziziritsira mpweya kungathandize kuwongolera kutentha kwa malo owotcherera ndikuletsa kutentha kwambiri. Izi ndizofunikira kuti muchepetse kupsinjika kwa kutentha m'malo owotcherera ndikuwonjezera ubwino wa kuwotcherera.
Kuwotcherera kwa Laser Beam Yodziyimira Yokha
5. Chitetezo cha Gasi cha Machitidwe Owonera
Mtambo wa laser umayang'ana kwambiri malo olumikizirana kudzera mu makina owonera.
Pa nthawi yothira soldering, zinthu zosungunuka ndi ma aerosol opangidwa zimatha kuipitsa zinthu zowunikira.
Mwa kulowetsa mpweya m'dera lolumikizira, chiopsezo cha kuipitsidwa chimachepa ndipo nthawi ya moyo wa makina owunikira imakulitsidwa.
Ndi Mpweya Uti Umene Umagwiritsidwa Ntchito Pothira Laser?
Mu kuwotcherera ndi laser, mpweyawu ukhoza kulekanitsa mpweya kuchokera ku mbale yowotcherera ndikuletsa kuti usagwirizane ndi mpweya. Mwanjira imeneyi, pamwamba pa mbale yachitsuloyo padzakhala yoyera komanso yokongola kwambiri. Kugwiritsa ntchito mpweya kumatetezanso magalasi ku fumbi lowotcherera. Nthawi zambiri, mpweya wotsatirawu umagwiritsidwa ntchito:
1. Mpweya Woteteza:
Mpweya woteteza, womwe nthawi zina umatchedwa "mpweya wosagwira ntchito," umagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pa njira yowotcherera ndi laser. Njira zowotcherera ndi laser nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsa ntchito mpweya wosagwira ntchito kuti ziteteze dziwe lowotcherera. Mpweya woteteza womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakuwotcherera ndi laser umaphatikizapo argon ndi neon. Kapangidwe kake ka thupi ndi mankhwala ndi kosiyana, kotero zotsatira zake pa weld ndizosiyananso.
Mpweya Woteteza:Argon
Argon ndi imodzi mwa mpweya wosagwira ntchito womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.
Ili ndi ionization yapamwamba kwambiri pansi pa mphamvu ya laser, zomwe sizingathandize kuwongolera mapangidwe a mitambo ya plasma, zomwe zidzakhudza kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito bwino kwa lasers.
Kusagwira ntchito kwa argon kumalepheretsa kuti isalowe mu soldering, pomwe kumachotsanso kutentha bwino, zomwe zimathandiza kulamulira kutentha m'dera losoldering.
Mpweya Woteteza:Neon
Neon nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mpweya wopanda mphamvu, wofanana ndi argon, ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka kuteteza malo olumikizirana ku mpweya ndi zinthu zina zoipitsa chilengedwe.
Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti neon si yoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito njira zonse zowotcherera ndi laser.
Amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pa ntchito zina zapadera zowotcherera, monga kuwotcherera zinthu zokhuthala kapena pamene pakufunika mipata yozama yowotcherera.
2. Mpweya Wothandizira:
Pa nthawi yogwiritsa ntchito laser welding, kuwonjezera pa gasi woteteza, gasi wothandiza angagwiritsidwenso ntchito kupititsa patsogolo magwiridwe antchito ndi ubwino wa welding. Zotsatirazi ndi zina mwa gasi wothandiza wogwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsira ntchito laser welding.
Mpweya Wothandizira:Mpweya
Mpweya wa okosijeni nthawi zambiri umagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mpweya wothandizira ndipo ungagwiritsidwe ntchito kuwonjezera kutentha ndi kuzama kwa kuluka panthawi yoluka.
Kuonjezera mpweya kungapangitse kuti mpweya ukhale wothamanga komanso kuti mpweya ulowe m'malo mwake, koma kuyenera kuyendetsedwa mosamala kuti mpweya wochuluka usabweretse mavuto a okosijeni.
Mpweya Wothandizira:Hydrogen/ Hydrogen Mix
Hydrojeni imapangitsa kuti zinthu zikhale bwino komanso imachepetsa kupangika kwa ma porosity.
Zosakaniza za argon ndi haidrojeni zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zina zapadera, monga kuwotcherera chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri. Kuchuluka kwa haidrojeni mu chisakanizocho nthawi zambiri kumakhala pakati pa 2% mpaka 15%.
Mpweya Woteteza:Nayitrogeni
Nayitrogeni imagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati mpweya wothandizira pakuwotcherera ndi laser.
Mphamvu ya ionization ya nayitrogeni ndi yocheperako, yokwera kuposa argon komanso yotsika kuposa haidrojeni.
Mlingo wa ionization nthawi zambiri umachitika pogwiritsa ntchito laser. Imatha kuchepetsa bwino mapangidwe a mitambo ya plasma, kupereka ma welds abwino kwambiri komanso mawonekedwe abwino, komanso kuchepetsa mphamvu ya mpweya pa ma welds.
Nayitrogeni ingagwiritsidwenso ntchito kulamulira kutentha kwa malo olumikizirana ndikuchepetsa mapangidwe a thovu ndi ma pores.
Mpweya Woteteza:Helium
Helium nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito powotcherera ndi laser yamphamvu kwambiri chifukwa imakhala ndi kutentha kochepa ndipo siimakhala ndi ayoni mosavuta, zomwe zimathandiza kuti laser idutse bwino komanso mphamvu ya kuwala ifike pamwamba pa workpiece popanda zopinga zilizonse.
Zimathandiza kwambiri pakuwotcherera ndi mphamvu zambiri. Helium ingagwiritsidwenso ntchito kukweza ubwino wa weld ndikulamulira kutentha kwa weld. Uwu ndiye mpweya woteteza kwambiri womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito pakuwotcherera ndi laser, koma ndi wokwera mtengo.
3. Mpweya Woziziritsa:
Mpweya wozizira nthawi zambiri umagwiritsidwa ntchito powotcherera ndi laser kuti ulamulire kutentha kwa malo owotcherera, kupewa kutentha kwambiri, komanso kusunga mtundu wa kuwotcherera. Nazi zina mwa mpweya wozizira womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri:
Mpweya Woziziritsa/ Wapakati:Madzi
Madzi ndi njira yodziwika bwino yoziziritsira yomwe nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuziziritsira majenereta a laser ndi makina owunikira a laser.
Makina oziziritsira madzi angathandize kusunga kutentha kokhazikika kwa jenereta ya laser ndi zida zowunikira kuti zitsimikizire kukhazikika ndi magwiridwe antchito a laser.
Mpweya Woziziritsa/ Wapakati:Mpweya Wozungulira
Mu njira zina zowotcherera ndi laser, mpweya wozungulira mlengalenga ungagwiritsidwe ntchito kuziziritsa.
Mwachitsanzo, mu makina owunikira a jenereta ya laser, mpweya wozungulira mlengalenga ungapereke mphamvu yoziziritsira.
Mpweya Woziziritsa/ Wapakati:Mpweya Wopanda Mphamvu
Mpweya wopanda mphamvu monga argon ndi nayitrogeni ungagwiritsidwenso ntchito ngati mpweya woziziritsira.
Ali ndi mphamvu yotsika ya kutentha ndipo angagwiritsidwe ntchito kuwongolera kutentha kwa malo olumikizirana ndikuchepetsa malo omwe amakhudzidwa ndi kutentha (HAZ).
Mpweya Woziziritsa/ Wapakati:Nayitrogeni Yamadzimadzi
Nayitrogeni yamadzimadzi ndi njira yozizira yotsika kwambiri yomwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito powotcherera ndi laser yamphamvu kwambiri.
Zimapereka mphamvu yoziziritsira bwino kwambiri ndipo zimaonetsetsa kuti kutentha kumawongoleredwa bwino m'dera lowotcherera.
4. Mpweya Wosakaniza:
Kusakaniza kwa mpweya nthawi zambiri kumagwiritsidwa ntchito polumikiza kuti zinthu zosiyanasiyana ziyende bwino, monga liwiro la kuwotcherera, kuzama kwa kulowa, ndi kukhazikika kwa arc. Pali mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu ya kusakaniza kwa mpweya: kusakaniza kwa binary ndi ternary.
Zosakaniza za Gasi Wam'mbali:Argon + Mpweya
Kuwonjezera mpweya pang'ono ku argon kumawonjezera kukhazikika kwa arc, kumakonza dziwe losungunula, komanso kumawonjezera liwiro la kuwotcherera. Chosakanizachi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri powotcherera chitsulo cha kaboni, chitsulo chopanda aloyi wambiri, ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri.
Zosakaniza za Gasi Wam'mbali:Argon + Carbon Dioxide
Kuonjezera CO₂ ku argon kumawonjezera mphamvu yowotcherera ndi kukana dzimbiri pamene kumachepetsa kufalikira kwa madzi. Chosakanizachi nthawi zambiri chimagwiritsidwa ntchito powotcherera chitsulo cha kaboni ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri.
Zosakaniza za Gasi Wam'mbali:Argon + Haidrojeni
Hydrojeni imawonjezera kutentha kwa arc, imawonjezera liwiro la kuwotcherera, komanso imachepetsa zolakwika pakuwotcherera. Ndi yothandiza makamaka pakuwotcherera zinthu zopangidwa ndi nickel ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri.
Zosakaniza za Mpweya wa Ternary:Argon + Oxygen + Carbon Dioxide
Kusakaniza kumeneku kumaphatikiza ubwino wa zosakaniza za argon-oxygen ndi argon-CO₂. Kumachepetsa kutayikira kwa madzi, kumawonjezera kusinthasintha kwa madzi m'dziwe losambira, komanso kumawonjezera ubwino wa zosakaniza. Kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri polumikiza zitsulo za kaboni, zitsulo zopanda mafuta ambiri, ndi zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri.
Zosakaniza za Mpweya wa Ternary:Argon + Helium + Carbon Dioxide
Kusakaniza kumeneku kumathandiza kulimbitsa kukhazikika kwa arc, kumawonjezera kutentha kwa dziwe losefedwa, komanso kumawonjezera liwiro la kuwotcherera. Kumagwiritsidwa ntchito powotcherera arc pogwiritsa ntchito ma short-circuit ndi ma welding amphamvu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kulamulira bwino kutentha kwa arc.
Kusankha Gasi Mu Ntchito Zosiyanasiyana
Kuwotcherera kwa Laser Yogwiritsidwa Ntchito M'manja
Mu ntchito zosiyanasiyana zowotcherera pogwiritsa ntchito laser, kusankha mpweya woyenera ndikofunikira, chifukwa kuphatikiza kwa mpweya wosiyanasiyana kumatha kupanga mtundu wosiyana wa kuwotcherera, liwiro, ndi magwiridwe antchito. Nazi malangizo ena okuthandizani kusankha mpweya woyenera kugwiritsa ntchito:
Mtundu wa Zipangizo Zowotcherera:
Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbirinthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchitoArgon kapena Argon/Hydrogen Mixture.
Aluminiyamu ndi Aluminiyamu Zosakanizanthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchitoArgon Woyera.
Ma Aloyi a Titaniyamunthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchitoNayitrogeni.
Zitsulo Zokhala ndi Mpweya Wautalinthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchitoMpweya wa okosijeni ngati mpweya wothandiza.
Kuthamanga ndi Kulowa kwa Welding:
Ngati pakufunika kulowetsa mpweya mwachangu kapena kulowa mozama kwambiri, mpweya ukhoza kusinthidwa. Kuonjezera mpweya nthawi zambiri kumathandizira kuti mpweya ulowe bwino komanso kuti mpweya ulowe bwino, koma uyenera kuyendetsedwa mosamala kuti upewe mavuto a okosijeni.
Kulamulira Malo Okhudzidwa ndi Kutentha (HAZ):
Kutengera ndi zinthu zomwe zikutsukidwa, zinyalala zoopsa zomwe zimafuna njira zapadera zogwirira ntchito zingapangidwe panthawi yoyeretsa. Izi zitha kuwonjezera mtengo wonse wa njira yoyeretsera pogwiritsa ntchito laser.
Ubwino wa Kusoka:
Kuphatikiza mpweya wina kungathandize kuti zinthu zosungunulira zikhale bwino komanso kuti ziwoneke bwino. Mwachitsanzo, nayitrogeni ingathandize kuti pamwamba pakhale mawonekedwe abwino komanso kuti pakhale bwino.
Kulamulira Mabowo ndi Mabulu:
Pa ntchito zomwe zimafuna ma weld apamwamba kwambiri, chisamaliro chapadera chiyenera kuperekedwa pakupanga ma pores ndi thovu. Kusankha bwino mpweya kungachepetse chiopsezo cha zolakwika izi.
Zipangizo ndi Mtengo:
Kusankha gasi kumakhudzidwanso ndi mtundu wa zida ndi mtengo wake. Mpweya wina ungafunike njira zapadera zoperekera kapena ndalama zambiri.
Pa ntchito zinazake, tikukulimbikitsani kugwira ntchito ndi mainjiniya wowotcherera kapena wopanga zida zowotcherera za laser kuti mupeze upangiri waluso ndikukonza njira yowotcherera.
Kuyesera ndi kukonza bwino nthawi zambiri kumafunika musanasankhe kuphatikiza komaliza kwa mpweya.
Kutengera ndi momwe ntchitoyo ikugwiritsidwira ntchito, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya gasi ndi magawo ake akhoza kuyesedwa kuti apeze mikhalidwe yabwino kwambiri yowotcherera.
Zinthu Zomwe Muyenera Kudziwa Zokhudza: Kuwotcherera ndi Laser Yogwiritsidwa Ntchito Pamanja
Makina Othandizira Kuwotcherera a Laser
Kuti muwongolere ntchito zanu zogwirira ntchito zachitsulo ndi kukonza zinthu, kusankha zida zoyenera ndikofunikira. MimoWork Laser imalimbikitsaMakina Owotcherera a Laser Ogwira M'manjakuti zigwirizane bwino komanso moyenera.
Mphamvu Yapamwamba & Mphamvu Yowonjezera Yogwiritsira Ntchito Zowotcherera Zosiyanasiyana
Makina owotcherera a laser a 2000W opangidwa ndi manja amadziwika ndi kukula kwa makina koma mtundu wake ndi wonyezimira.
Gwero lokhazikika la laser ya ulusi ndi chingwe cha ulusi cholumikizidwa zimapereka kutumiza kwa laser kotetezeka komanso kokhazikika.
Ndi mphamvu yayikulu, chitseko cha laser cholumikizira makiyi chimakhala chokwanira ndipo chimalola kuti cholumikiziracho chikhale cholimba ngakhale pa chitsulo chokhuthala.
Ndi mawonekedwe a makina ang'onoang'ono komanso ang'onoang'ono, makina olumikizirana a laser onyamulika ali ndi mfuti yolumikizirana ya laser yosunthika yomwe ndi yopepuka komanso yosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito polumikiza ma laser ambiri pa ngodya iliyonse komanso pamwamba pake.
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma nozzles olumikizira laser ndi makina olumikizira mawaya odzipangira okha zimapangitsa kuti ntchito yolumikiza laser ikhale yosavuta komanso yabwino kwa oyamba kumene.
Kuwotcherera kwa laser yothamanga kwambiri kumawonjezera kwambiri ntchito yanu yopangira komanso kutulutsa zinthu pamene kumakupatsani mphamvu yabwino kwambiri yowotcherera ya laser.
Chidule
Mwachidule, kuwotcherera pogwiritsa ntchito laser kuyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mpweya kuteteza malo owotcherera, kuwongolera kutentha, kukonza ubwino wa kuwotcherera, komanso kuteteza makina owunikira. Kusankha mitundu yoyenera ya mpweya ndi magawo operekera ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pakutsimikizira njira yowotcherera pogwiritsa ntchito laser yogwira ntchito bwino komanso yokhazikika komanso kupeza zotsatira zabwino kwambiri zowotcherera. Zipangizo ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana zingafunike mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi magawo osiyanasiyana kuti zikwaniritse zofunikira zina zowotcherera.
Lumikizanani nafe lerokuti mudziwe zambiri zokhudza makina athu odulira a laser ndi momwe angakulitsire njira yanu yodulira.
Maulalo Ogwirizana
Kodi Pali Malingaliro Okhudza Makina Owotcherera a Laser?
Nthawi yotumizira: Januwale-13-2025