Kutsegula Kuthekera Kwa Kumanga matabwa
Ndi Wood Laser Kudula Machine
Kodi ndinu okonda matabwa omwe mukuyang'ana kuti mutenge luso lanu kupita kumalo ena?Tangolingalirani kukhala wokhoza kupanga mapangidwe ocholoŵana ndi mapatani pamatabwa molondola ndi mosavuta.Mkubwela kwa nkhuni laser kudula makina, potsekula kuthekera matabwa sikunakhalepo kosavuta.Odula matabwa a laser awa amaphatikiza luso losatha la matabwa ndi kulondola komanso kusinthasintha kwaukadaulo wa laser.Kuchokera pazithunzi zatsatanetsatane za laser mpaka zojambulidwa movutikira, zotheka ndizosatha.Kaya ndinu katswiri wopanga matabwa kapena wokonda kuchita zinthu zina, kuphatikiza kudula laser m'mapulojekiti anu opangira matabwa kumatha kukweza luso lanu kupita kumalo atsopano.M'nkhaniyi, tiona ubwino ndi ntchito zambiri za laser kudula mu matabwa, ndi mmene makina amenewa angabweretse zolengedwa zanu ndi moyo ndi mwatsatanetsatane wosayerekezeka ndi zilandiridwenso.Konzekerani kumasula luso lanu la matabwa ngati kale ndi mphamvu ya luso la kudula laser.
Ubwino wogwiritsa ntchito matabwa laser cutter mu matabwa
▶ Kudula Kwambiri
Wood laser kudula makina amapereka ubwino angapo ntchito matabwa.Choyamba, imapereka kulondola kosayerekezeka.Njira zachikhalidwe zopangira matabwa nthawi zambiri zimadalira zida zodulira pamanja, zomwe zimatha kukhala zolakwa zamunthu.Wood laser kudula makina Komano, amagwiritsa ntchito luso patsogolo kuonetsetsa olondola mwatsatanetsatane zabwino kwambiri.Ndi laser kudula nkhuni, mutha kukwaniritsa mabala oyera komanso olondola nthawi iliyonse, ngakhale pamapangidwe ovuta.
▶ Yosavuta komanso Yothandiza
Kachiwiri, matabwa laser kudula makina amapereka liwiro zosaneneka ndi dzuwa.Mosiyana ndi njira zopangira matabwa zomwe zingafunike maola kapena masiku kuti amalize ntchito, makina odulira laser amatha kuchepetsa kwambiri nthawi ndi khama lofunika.Ndi kuthekera kodula, kulemba, ndi etch pakadutsa kamodzi, makina a laser awa amatha kuwongolera kayendedwe kanu ndikuwonjezera zokolola.
▶ Mapangidwe Osiyanasiyana & Osinthika
Komanso, nkhuni laser kudula makina amapereka zosunthika kamangidwe.Pogwiritsa ntchito mapulogalamu othandizira makompyuta (CAD), mukhoza kupanga mapangidwe ndi machitidwe ndikuwasamutsa mwachindunji ku makina odulidwa.Izi zimatsegula dziko la kuthekera kopanga, kukulolani kuyesa mawonekedwe apadera, mawonekedwe, ndi tsatanetsatane wazinthu zomwe zingakhale zovuta kuzikwaniritsa ndi zida zachikhalidwe zokha.
Pomaliza, laser kudula makina kupereka mwatsatanetsatane, liwiro, dzuwa, ndi kusinthasintha kwa ntchito matabwa.Kaya ndinu katswiri wa matabwa omwe mukufuna kukulitsa luso lanu kapena wokonda kuchita zinthu zongofuna kufufuza njira zatsopano zopangira, kuphatikiza kudula laser munjira yanu yopangira matabwa kumatha kusintha luso lanu.
Ntchito wamba wa laser kudula mu matabwa
Makina odulira laser ali ndi ntchito zambiri zopangira matabwa.Tiyeni tifufuze zina zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito podula laser palusoli.
1. Laser chosema Wood
Chimodzi mwazinthu zodziwika bwino ndi matabwa a laser engraving.Kujambula kwa laser kumakupatsani mwayi wopanga zojambula zovuta komanso zatsatanetsatane pamitengo.Kaya mukufuna makonda amatabwa zolengeza, pangani mapangidwe okongoletsera pamipando, kapena yonjezerani zojambula zodzikongoletsera zamatabwa, kujambula kwa laser kungapangitse malingaliro anu kukhala olondola komanso omveka bwino.
2. Laser Kudula Wood
Chinanso chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndikudula mawonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe ovuta.zida Traditional matabwa angavutike ndi kudula mapangidwe zovuta, koma matabwa laser kudula makina amapambana m'dera lino.Kuchokera pamawonekedwe amtundu wa filigree mpaka kuyika movutikira, kudula kwa laser kumatha kudulidwa ndendende pamitengo yomwe ingakhale yovuta kapena yosatheka kukwaniritsa pamanja.
3. Laser Marking(etching) pa Wood
Kudula kwa laser kumagwiritsidwanso ntchito polemba ndikulemba matabwa.Kaya mukufuna kuwonjezera zolemba, ma logo, kapena zokongoletsera pazopanga zanu zamatabwa, etching ya laser imapereka yankho lokhazikika komanso lolondola.Kuchokera pazizindikiro zamatabwa makonda mpaka zopangidwa ndi matabwa, laser etching imatha kuwonjezera luso komanso makonda pama projekiti anu opanga matabwa.
Kuyang'ana Kanema |Momwe mungalembe chithunzi chamatabwa cha laser
Kuwonjezera chosema, kudula, ndi etching, laser kudula makina Angagwiritsidwenso ntchito sculpting ndi mpumulo kusema.Posintha mphamvu ya laser ndi liwiro, mutha kupanga kuya ndi mawonekedwe pamitengo, ndikuwonjezera kukula ndi chidwi chowoneka pazidutswa zanu.Izi zimatsegula mwayi watsopano wopanga mapangidwe atatu-dimensional ndi zojambulajambula zamatabwa zovuta.
Mwachidule, laser kudula makina kupeza ntchito zosiyanasiyana matabwa, kuphatikizapo chosema, kudula akalumikidzidwa zovuta, etching, ndi sculpting.Makinawa amapereka kulondola kosayerekezeka, kukulolani kuti mupange zojambula zovuta ndi zojambula pamitengo yamatabwa mosavuta.
Kusankha matabwa laser kudula makina ntchito matabwa
Pankhani kusankha laser kudula makina ntchito matabwa, pali zinthu zingapo kuganizira.Nazi mfundo zofunika kuzikumbukira:
1. Mphamvu ndi liwiro:
Makina odula a laser osiyanasiyana amapereka mphamvu ndi liwiro losiyanasiyana.Ganizirani za mtundu wa ntchito zopangira matabwa zomwe mukufuna kupanga ndikusankha makina omwe angagwiritse ntchito zipangizo ndi mapangidwe omwe mukufuna kugwira nawo ntchito.Makina apamwamba kwambiri ndi oyenera kudula zida zokulirapo, pomwe makina othamanga amatha kuwonjezera zokolola.
Tapanga kanema wa momwe makina a laser amadulira plywood wandiweyani, mutha kuyang'ana kanema ndikusankha mphamvu imodzi yoyenera ya laser pantchito yanu yopangira matabwa.
Mafunso ambiri okhudza momwe mungasankhire makina a laser nkhuni
2. Kukula kwa bedi:
Kukula kwa bedi la laser kudula kumatanthawuza kukula kwa zidutswa zamatabwa zomwe mungagwiritse ntchito.Ganizirani za kukula kwa mapulojekiti anu opangira matabwa ndikusankha makina okhala ndi bedi lalikulu kuti azitha kuwathandiza.
Pali saizi wamba ntchito matabwa laser kudula makina monga 1300mm * 900mm ndi 1300mm & 2500mm, mukhoza dinanimatabwa laser wodula mankhwalatsamba kuti mudziwe zambiri!
3. Kugwirizana kwa mapulogalamu:
Makina odulira laser amafunikira mapulogalamu kuti agwire ntchito.Onetsetsani kuti makina omwe mwasankha akugwirizana ndi mapulogalamu otchuka monga Adobe Illustrator kapena CorelDRAW.Izi zidzaonetsetsa kuti ntchito ikuyenda bwino ndikukulolani kusamutsa mapangidwe anu ku makina odula.Tili ndiPulogalamu ya MimoCUT ndi MimoENGRAVEyomwe imathandizira mafayilo amapangidwe osiyanasiyana monga JPG, BMP, AI, 3DS ndi zina zotero.
4. Chitetezo:
Makina odulira laser amatha kubweretsa zoopsa zina, chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kusankha makina omwe amabwera ndi zida zachitetezo monga mabatani oyimitsa mwadzidzidzi, zotchingira zoteteza, ndi makina olumikizirana chitetezo.Zinthu izi zimathandiza kuonetsetsa chitetezo cha wogwiritsa ntchito komanso makina.
5. Bajeti:
Laser kudula makina kubwera mu osiyanasiyana mitengo, choncho m'pofunika kuganizira bajeti yanu popanga chisankho.Ngakhale ndikuyesa kusankha njira yotsika mtengo kwambiri, dziwani kuti makina apamwamba kwambiri nthawi zambiri amapereka magwiridwe antchito komanso olimba pakapita nthawi.
Poganizira zinthu izi, mukhoza kusankha laser kudula makina kuti zigwirizane ndi zosowa zanu matabwa ndi bajeti.
Njira zodzitetezera mukamagwiritsa ntchito makina odulira laser
Ngakhale makina odulira laser amapereka maubwino ambiri, ndikofunikira kuika patsogolo chitetezo mukamagwiritsa ntchito.Nawa njira zodzitetezera zofunika kuzikumbukira:
Zida zodzitetezera (PPE):
Nthawi zonse valani PPE yoyenera, kuphatikiza magalasi otetezera, magolovesi, ndi nsapato zotsekeka, mukamagwiritsa ntchito makina odulira laser.Izi zidzakutetezani ku zoopsa zomwe zingachitike monga zinyalala zowuluka ndi ma radiation a laser.
Mpweya wabwino:
Onetsetsani kuti malo anu ogwirira ntchito ali ndi mpweya wabwino kuti mupewe kuchulukana kwa utsi ndi fumbi zomwe zimatuluka panthawi yodula.Mpweya wabwino umathandizira kuti mpweya ukhale wabwino komanso umachepetsa chiopsezo cha kupuma.Komanso, tinapangafume extractorkuthandiza kuchotsa utsi ndi zinyalala.
Chitetezo pamoto:
Makina odulira laser amatulutsa kutentha, komwe kumatha kuyambitsa moto ngati sikuyendetsedwa bwino.Khalani ndi chozimitsira moto pafupi ndipo onetsetsani kuti malo anu ogwirira ntchito ali ndi zida ndi malo osagwira moto.Kawirikawiri, makina a laser ali ndi makina ozungulira madzi ozizira omwe amatha kuziziritsa panthawi yake chubu cha laser, galasi ndi mandala, ndi zina zotero.
Ponena za kayendedwe ka kuziziritsa kwamadzi, mutha kuwona kanema wokhudza mphamvu yayikulu ya laser kudula 21mm wandiweyani wa acrylic.Tinapita mwatsatanetsatane mu theka lachiwiri la kanema.
Ngati muli ndi chidwi ndi kayendedwe ka madzi ozizira
Lumikizanani nafe kuti mupeze upangiri waukadaulo wa laser!
Kukonza makina:
Nthawi zonse yenderani ndi kusunga makina anu odulira laser kuti muwonetsetse kuti ali m'malo abwino ogwirira ntchito.Tsatirani malangizo a wopanga pokonza ndi kuyeretsa, ndipo yesetsani kuthetsa vuto lililonse kapena zovuta zilizonse.
Maphunziro ndi chidziwitso:
Phunzitsani bwino nokha kapena gulu lanu pa ntchito yotetezeka ya makina odulira laser.Dziwani bwino za buku la ogwiritsa ntchito makina, ma protocol achitetezo, ndi njira zadzidzidzi.Izi zidzachepetsa chiopsezo cha ngozi ndikuwonetsetsa chitetezo cha aliyense.
Potsatira njira zodzitetezera izi, mutha kusangalala ndi mapindu a laser kudula ndikuyika patsogolo moyo wanu ndi omwe akuzungulirani.
Palibe malingaliro okhudza kusamalira ndi kugwiritsa ntchito nkhuni laser kudula makina?
Osadandaula!Tidzakupatsirani kalozera ndi maphunziro aukadaulo a laser mutagula makina a laser.
Malangizo ndi njira zopangira matabwa mwatsatanetsatane ndi makina odulira laser
Kuti tikwaniritse zotsatira zabwino pamene ntchito laser kudula makina matabwa, ganizirani malangizo ndi njira zotsatirazi:
Zosankha:
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nkhuni imachita mosiyana ndi kudula kwa laser.Yesani ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamatabwa kuti muwone yomwe imagwira ntchito bwino pazotsatira zomwe mukufuna.Ganizirani zinthu monga chimanga, kachulukidwe, ndi makulidwe posankha nkhuni zodulira laser.
Mayesero ndi zokonda:
Musanayambe pulojekiti, yesetsani kudula matabwa kuti mudziwe mphamvu yabwino ya laser, liwiro, ndi kuyang'ana zotsatira zomwe mukufuna.Izi zidzakuthandizani kupewa zolakwika ndikupeza zotsatira zabwino kwambiri.
Mtunda woyenera wolunjika:
Mtunda wokhazikika wa mtengo wa laser umakhudza kulondola komanso mtundu wa mabala.Onetsetsani kuti laser ikuyang'ana bwino pamtunda wamatabwa kuti mukwaniritse mabala oyera komanso olondola.Sinthani mtunda wokhazikika ngati pakufunika pa makulidwe osiyanasiyana amitengo.
Malipiro a Kerf:
Makina odula a laser ali ndi m'lifupi mwake, omwe amadziwika kuti kerf, omwe amachotsedwa panthawi yodula.Ganizirani za kulipidwa kwa kerf popanga mapulojekiti anu kuti muwonetsetse kuti ali oyenera kulumikizana ndi kulumikizana.
Calibration ndi kuyanjanitsa:
Nthawi zonse sinthani ndikugwirizanitsa makina anu odulira laser kuti mukhale olondola.M'kupita kwa nthawi, makinawo akhoza kugwedezeka, zomwe zimakhudza ubwino wa mabala.Tsatirani malangizo a wopanga kuti muwongolere ndikuwongolera njira.
Kuyeretsa ndi kukonza:
Sungani makina odulira laser oyera komanso opanda zinyalala kuti muwonetsetse kuti ntchito yabwino.Fumbi ndi zinyalala zimatha kusokoneza mtengo wa laser, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mabala azikhala bwino.Nthawi zonse yeretsani makinawo ndikutsata malangizo a wopanga kuti muwakonzere.
Pogwiritsa ntchito malangizowa ndi njira, mukhoza kukwaniritsa zotsatira zolondola ndi akatswiri ndi laser kudula makina anu ntchito matabwa.
Kukonza ndi kuthetsa mavuto a nkhuni laser kudula makina
Kukonza nthawi zonse ndi kuthetseratu mavuto panthawi yake ndikofunikira kuti makina odulira laser azikhala bwino kwambiri.Nazi zina mwazokonza ndi njira zothetsera mavuto zomwe muyenera kuziganizira:
Kuyeretsa pafupipafupi:
Tsukani ma optics, magalasi, ndi magalasi a makina odulira laser nthawi zonse kuti muchotse fumbi ndi zinyalala.Gwiritsani ntchito njira zoyenera zoyeretsera ndikutsatira malangizo a wopanga poyeretsa.
Mafuta:
Makina ena odulira laser amafunikira kudzoza nthawi ndi nthawi kwa magawo osuntha.Onani bukhu lamakina kuti mupeze malangizo a mbali zopaka mafuta komanso mtundu wamafuta oti mugwiritse ntchito.Kupaka mafuta bwino kumathandiza kuti ntchitoyo ikhale yofewa komanso yolondola.
Kuvuta kwa lamba ndi unyolo:
Yang'anani kulimba kwa malamba ndi maunyolo nthawi zonse ndikusintha ngati pakufunika.Malamba omasuka ndi maunyolo angapangitse mabala olakwika ndi kuchepa kwa ntchito.
Kukonza dongosolo lozizira:
Makina odulira laser nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi njira yozizirira kuti asatenthedwe.Yang'anirani makina ozizirira pafupipafupi, yeretsani zosefera, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti muzitha kuzizirira bwino kuti makina asawonongeke.
Kuthetsa mavuto omwe wamba:
Ngati mukukumana ndi zovuta monga kudula molakwika, kutulutsa mphamvu kosagwirizana, kapena mauthenga olakwika, funsani buku la makina kuti muthe kuthana ndi mavuto.Ngati vutoli likupitilira, funsani wopanga kapena katswiri wodziwa kuti akuthandizeni.
Mwa kutsatira ndandanda yokonza nthawi zonse ndi mwamsanga kuthetsa nkhani iliyonse, mukhoza kukulitsa moyo ndi ntchito ya laser kudula makina anu.
Pali kanema wamomwe mungayeretsere ndi kukhazikitsa lens ya laser.Onani kuti mudziwe zambiri ⇨
Zitsanzo zolimbikitsa zamapulojekiti opangira matabwa opangidwa ndi makina odulira laser
Kulimbikitsa zilandiridwenso wanu, apa pali zitsanzo za ntchito matabwa zimene zikhoza kupangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito makina laser kudula:
Zodzikongoletsera zamatabwa zodabwitsa
Kudula kwa laser kumapangitsa kuti pakhale zidutswa zodzikongoletsera komanso zatsatanetsatane zamatabwa monga ndolo, pendants, ndi zibangili.Kulondola komanso kusinthasintha kwa makina odulira laser kumapangitsa kuti zitheke kupanga mapangidwe ovuta komanso mawonekedwe pamitengo yaying'ono.
Zizindikiro zamatabwa zaumwini
Zolemba za laser zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga zikwangwani zamatabwa, kaya zokongoletsa kunyumba, mabizinesi, kapena zochitika.Onjezani mayina, ma adilesi, kapena mawu olimbikitsa kuzizindikiro zamatabwa kuti mukhudze mwapadera komanso mwamakonda.
Custom furniture accents
Makina odulira laser angagwiritsidwe ntchito popanga ma accents amtundu wa zidutswa za mipando.Kuchokera pamitengo yocholokera yamatabwa kupita ku zokongoletsera pamapiritsi, kudula kwa laser kumawonjezera kukongola komanso makonda kumapulojekiti amipando.
Masewera amatabwa ndi masewera
Kudula kwa laser kumapangitsa kuti pakhale zovuta zamatabwa ndi masewera.Kuchokera pazithunzithunzi mpaka zoseketsa zaubongo, masewera amatabwa odulidwa ndi laser amapereka maola osangalatsa komanso zovuta.
Zitsanzo za zomangamanga
Makina odulira a laser angagwiritsidwe ntchito popanga zitsanzo zamamangidwe atsatanetsatane, kuwonetsa zojambula ndi zomangamanga zovuta.Kaya ndi zolinga zaukatswiri kapena zamaphunziro, zomanga zodulidwa ndi laser zimabweretsa zopanga kukhala zamoyo mwatsatanetsatane komanso zolondola.
Izi ndi zitsanzo zochepa chabe mwayi wosatha kuti laser kudula makina kupereka ntchito matabwa.Lolani malingaliro anu aziyenda movutikira ndikuwona kuthekera kopanga laser kudula mumatabwa.
Kutsiliza: Kukumbatira tsogolo la matabwa ndi laser kudula makina
Pamene tikumaliza nkhaniyi, n'zoonekeratu kuti laser kudula makina asintha dziko la matabwa.Ndi mwatsatanetsatane awo, liwiro, kusinthasintha, ndi kuthekera kulenga, nkhuni laser kudula makina atsegula mlingo watsopano wa kuthekera kwa matabwa.Kaya ndinu mmisiri waluso kapena wokonda kuchita zinthu zina, kuphatikiza kudula laser m'mapulojekiti anu opangira matabwa kumatha kukweza luso lanu kupita kumalo atsopano.
Kuchokera pazojambula movutikira mpaka kudula mawonekedwe ovuta ndikupanga zojambula zapampumulo, kudula kwa laser kumapereka mwayi wopanga zinthu zambiri.Posankha makina odula a laser, kuika patsogolo chitetezo, ndikugwiritsanso ntchito malangizo ndi njira zolondola, mukhoza kukwaniritsa zotsatira zaukatswiri muzochita zanu zamatabwa.
Choncho, kukumbatira tsogolo la matabwa ndi kumasula mphamvu zanu zonse ndi laser kudula makina.Onani zomwe zingatheke, kanikizani malire aluso lanu, ndikubweretsa masomphenya anu opangira matabwa kukhala amoyo mwatsatanetsatane komanso mwaluso.Dziko la matabwa lili m'manja mwanu, kuyembekezera kusinthidwa ndi mphamvu ya teknoloji yodula laser.Lolani kulingalira kwanu kukwezeke ndikupanga zojambulajambula zomwe zimasiya chidwi chokhalitsa.
▶ Phunzirani Ife - MimoWork Laser
Wood laser engraver nkhani zamabizinesi
Mimowork ndi makina opanga laser otsogola, omwe amakhala ku Shanghai ndi Dongguan China, akubweretsa ukadaulo wazaka 20 wopanga makina a laser ndikupereka mayankho okhudza kukonza ndi kupanga kwa ma SME (mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono ndi apakatikati) m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana. .
Zomwe takumana nazo pamayankho a laser opangira zitsulo komanso zopanda zitsulo zimakhazikika pakutsatsa kwapadziko lonse, magalimoto & ndege, zitsulo, ntchito zopangira utoto, nsalu ndi nsalu.
M'malo mopereka yankho losatsimikizika lomwe limafuna kugula kuchokera kwa opanga osayenerera, MimoWork imayang'anira gawo lililonse lazopanga kuti zitsimikizire kuti zinthu zathu zimagwira ntchito bwino nthawi zonse.
MimoWork yadzipereka pakupanga ndi kukweza kupanga laser ndipo yapanga ukadaulo wapamwamba wa laser kuti upititse patsogolo luso lopanga lamakasitomala komanso kuchita bwino kwambiri.Kupeza ma patent ambiri laser luso, ife nthawizonse moganizira khalidwe ndi chitetezo cha machitidwe laser makina kuonetsetsa zogwirizana ndi odalirika processing kupanga.Ubwino wa makina a laser umatsimikiziridwa ndi CE ndi FDA.
MimoWork Laser System imatha kudula mitengo ndi laser chosema nkhuni, zomwe zimakupatsani mwayi wopanga zinthu zatsopano zamafakitale osiyanasiyana.Mosiyana ndi odula mphero, chosema ngati chinthu chokongoletsera chingathe kukwaniritsidwa mkati mwa masekondi pogwiritsa ntchito chojambula cha laser.Zimakupatsaninso mwayi woti mutenge maoda ang'onoang'ono ngati chinthu chimodzi chosinthidwa makonda, zazikulu ngati masauzande opangidwa mwachangu m'magulu, zonse mkati mwamitengo yotsika mtengo.
Tapanga makina osiyanasiyana a laser kuphatikizachojambula chaching'ono cha laser chamatabwa ndi acrylic, lalikulu mtundu laser kudula makinakwa nkhuni zokhuthala kapena gulu lamatabwa lokulirapo, ndim'manja CHIKWANGWANI laser chosemakwa matabwa laser chizindikiro.Ndi CNC dongosolo ndi wanzeru MimoCUT ndi MimoENGRAVE mapulogalamu, laser chosema nkhuni ndi laser kudula nkhuni kukhala yabwino ndi yachangu.Osati kokha ndi mwatsatanetsatane mkulu wa 0.3mm, koma makina laser akhoza kufika 2000mm/s laser chosema liwiro pamene okonzeka ndi DC brushless galimoto.Zosankha zambiri za laser ndi Chalk laser zilipo mukafuna kukweza makina a laser kapena kuwasamalira.Tili pano kuti tikupatseni njira yabwino kwambiri komanso yosinthira makonda a laser.
▶ Kuchokera kwa kasitomala wokondeka pantchito yamitengo
Ndemanga ya Makasitomala & Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mkhalidwe
"Zikomo chifukwa chothandizira nthawi zonse. Ndiwe makina !!!"
Allan Bell
Pezani Zambiri kuchokera pa YouTube Channel yathu
Mafunso aliwonse okhudza makina odulira matabwa laser
Nthawi yotumiza: Jun-25-2023