Nigute wahitamo uruvange rwiza rwa gaze mu gusudira kwa laser?
Ubwoko, Inyungu, n'Ikoreshwa
Intangiriro:
Ibintu by'ingenzi ugomba kumenya mbere yo kwinjira mu nzu
Gusudira hakoreshejwe laser ni uburyo bwo gusudira bukoresha laser neza cyane, bukoresha laser kugira ngo bushongeshe ibikoresho by'icyo gikoresho hanyuma bugahindura imashini nyuma yo gukonjesha. Mu gusudira hakoreshejwe laser, gaze igira uruhare runini.
Imyuka irinda ntabwo igira ingaruka gusa ku miterere y'umushongi wo gusudira, ubwiza bw'umushongi wo gusudira, kwinjira kw'umushongi wo gusudira, n'ubugari bw'umushongi wo gusudira, ahubwo inagira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye ku bwiza n'imikorere myiza ya laser.
Ni iyihe myuka ikenewe mu gusudira hakoreshejwe laser?Iyi nkuru izasuzuma byimbitseakamaro k'imyuka yo gusudira hakoreshejwe laser, imyuka ikoreshwa, n'icyo ikora.
Tuzakugira inama kandiimashini nziza cyane yo gusudira hakoreshejwe laserku byo ukeneye.
Kuki hakenewe gaze mu gusudira hakoreshejwe laser?
Gusudira hakoreshejwe imirasire ya laser
Mu gihe cyo gusudira hakoreshejwe laser, umuyoboro wa laser ufite ingufu nyinshi uba wibanda ku gice cyo gusudira cy'aho igikoresho gikorera.
Bitera gushonga kw'ibikoresho by'akazi ako kanya.
Gazi irakenewe mu gihe cyo gusudira hakoreshejwe laser kugira ngo ikingire agace ko gusudiramo.
Genzura ubushyuhe, wongere ubwiza bw'icyuma gisudira, kandi urinde sisitemu y'urumuri.
Guhitamo ubwoko bukwiye bwa gazi n'ibipimo by'ingufu ni ibintu by'ingenzi mu gutuma ikoreshwa neza.
Kandi inzira ihamye yo gusudira hakoreshejwe laser no kubona ibisubizo byiza byo gusudira.
1. Kurinda ahantu ho gusudira
Mu gihe cyo gusudira hakoreshejwe laser, agace ko gusudira kagaragara ku bidukikije byo hanze kandi gashobora kwibasirwa na ogisijeni n'indi myuka iri mu kirere.
Ogisijeni itera ingaruka zo gushonga zishobora gutuma ubuziranenge bw’imyanda bugabanuka, ndetse no kurema imyenge n’ibice biyigize. Imyanda ishobora kurindwa neza kwanduzwa na ogisijeni binyuze mu gutanga umwuka ukwiye, akenshi umwuka udafite isuku nka argon, mu gace gasudiramo.
2. Kugenzura ubushyuhe
Guhitamo no gutanga gazi bishobora gufasha kugenzura ubushyuhe bw'agace ko gusudira. Mu guhindura umuvuduko w'amazi n'ubwoko bwa gazi, umuvuduko w'ubukonje bw'agace ko gusudira ushobora kugira ingaruka. Ibi ni ingenzi mu kugenzura agace gafite ingaruka ku bushyuhe (HAZ) mu gihe cyo gusudira no kugabanya ubushyuhe.
3. Ubwiza bwo gusudira burushijeho kuba bwiza
Imyuka imwe n'imwe y'inyongera, nka ogisijeni cyangwa azote, ishobora kongera ubwiza n'imikorere ya solde. Urugero, kongera ogisijeni bishobora kunoza uburyo solde yinjiramo no kongera umuvuduko wo gusudira, ariko bikagira ingaruka ku miterere n'ubujyakuzimu bwa solde.
4. Gukonjesha gaze
Mu gusudira hakoreshejwe laser, agace ko gusudira gakunze kugira ingaruka ku bushyuhe bwinshi. Gukoresha sisitemu yo gukonjesha gaze bishobora gufasha kugenzura ubushyuhe bw'agace ko gusudira no gukumira ubushyuhe bwinshi. Ibi ni ingenzi kugira ngo bigabanye ubushyuhe mu gace ko gusudira no kunoza ubwiza bwako.
Gusudira hakoreshejwe imirasire ya laser byikora
5. Kurinda Gazi mu Miterere y'Itara ry'Ijisho
Umurabyo wa laser wibanda ku gice cyo gusudira ukoresheje sisitemu y'urumuri.
Mu gihe cyo gushongesha, ibikoresho bishongeshejwe n'imiyoboro y'umwuka ikorwa bishobora kwanduza ibice by'urumuri.
Iyo imyuka ishyizwe mu gice cyo gusudira, ibyago byo kwandura biragabanuka kandi ubuzima bw'urusobe rw'amatara bugakomeza kwiyongera.
Ni iyihe myuka ikoreshwa mu gusudira hakoreshejwe laser?
Mu gusudira hakoreshejwe laser, iyo gaze ishobora gukura umwuka mu gice cyo gusudiramo no kuyibuza gukorana n'umwuka. Muri ubu buryo, ubuso bwo gusudira bw'igice cyo mu cyuma buzaba bwera kandi bwiza kurushaho. Gukoresha gaze kandi birinda indorerwamo umukungugu wo gusudira. Ubusanzwe, imyuka ikurikira ikoreshwa:
1. Gazi irinda:
Imyuka yo kurinda, rimwe na rimwe yitwa "imyuka idafite imyuka," igira uruhare runini mu gikorwa cyo gusudira hakoreshejwe laser. Uburyo bwo gusudira hakoreshejwe laser bukunze gukoresha imyuka idafite imyuka kugira ngo irinde pisine yo gusudira. Imyuka irinda ikoreshwa cyane mu gusudira hakoreshejwe laser irimo cyane cyane argon na neon. Imiterere yayo ifatika n'iya shimi iratandukanye, bityo ingaruka zayo kuri solder nazo ziratandukanye.
Gazi irinda:Argon
Argon ni imwe muri gaze zikoreshwa cyane.
Ifite urwego rwo hejuru rwa ionization bitewe n'ibikorwa bya laser, ibyo bikaba bidafasha mu kugenzura ikorwa ry'ibicu bya plasma, ibyo bizagira ingaruka ku ikoreshwa neza rya laser.
Imiterere idakora ya argon ituma itagera mu gikorwa cyo gusora, mu gihe inakuraho ubushyuhe neza, bigafasha kugenzura ubushyuhe mu gace gasora.
Gazi irinda:Neon
Neon ikunze gukoreshwa nk'umwuka udakora, kimwe na argon, kandi ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu kurinda agace ko gusudira umwuka wa ogisijeni n'ibindi bihumanya ikirere byo hanze.
Ni ngombwa kumenya ko neon idakwiye gukoreshwa mu gusudira hakoreshejwe laser.
Ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu mirimo yihariye yo gusudira, nko gusudira ibikoresho binini cyangwa iyo hakenewe imigozi miremire yo gusudira.
2. Gazi y'inyongera:
Mu gihe cyo gusudira hakoreshejwe laser, uretse gazi y’ingenzi irinda, imyuka y’inyongera ishobora no gukoreshwa mu kunoza imikorere n’ubwiza bw’imyuka yo gusudira. Izi zikurikira ni zimwe mu myuka y’inyongera ikoreshwa mu gusudira hakoreshejwe laser.
Gazi y'inyongera:Ogisijeni
Ogisijeni ikunze gukoreshwa nk'umwuka w'ubufasha kandi ishobora gukoreshwa mu kongera ubushyuhe n'ubujyakuzimu mu gihe cyo gusudira.
Kongera ogisijeni bishobora kongera umuvuduko wo gusudira no kwinjira mu byuma, ariko bigomba kugenzurwa neza kugira ngo hirindwe ko ogisijeni nyinshi ishobora guteza ibibazo byo gushonga.
Gazi y'inyongera:Hydrogen/ Hydrogen Uruvange
Hydrogen yongera ubuziranenge bw'ibisuguti kandi ikagabanya ikorwa ry'imirongo.
Uruvange rwa argon na hydrogen rukoreshwa mu bintu bimwe na bimwe byihariye, nko gusudira ibyuma bitarangirika. Ingano ya hydrogen iri mu ruvange isanzwe iri hagati ya 2% na 15%.
Gazi irinda:Azote
Azote ikunze gukoreshwa nk'umwuka w'inyongera mu gusudira hakoreshejwe laser.
Ingufu za azote zikoreshwa mu kuyiniza ni nkeya, ziri hejuru ya argon kandi ziri hasi ya hydrogen.
Igipimo cya ionization muri rusange gikoreshwa na laser. Gishobora kugabanya neza ikorwa ry'ibicu bya plasma, gutanga ubushuhe bwiza n'isura nziza, kandi kikagabanya ingaruka za ogisijeni ku bushuhe.
Azote ishobora kandi gukoreshwa mu kugenzura ubushyuhe bw'aho gusudira no kugabanya ikorwa ry'uduheri n'imyenge.
Gazi irinda:Heliyumu
Heliyumu ikoreshwa mu gusudira hakoreshejwe laser ifite imbaraga nyinshi kuko ifite ubushyuhe buke kandi ntiyoroshye kuyihindura iyoni, bigatuma laser inyura neza kandi ingufu z'imirasire zikagera ku buso bw'ibikoresho nta mbogamizi.
Ifasha mu gusudira hakoreshejwe imbaraga nyinshi. Heliyumu ishobora kandi gukoreshwa mu kunoza ireme rya soldering no kugenzura ubushyuhe bwo gusudira. Iyi ni yo gaze irinda cyane ikoreshwa mu gusudira hakoreshejwe laser, ariko irahenze cyane.
3. Gazi ikonjesha:
Gazi ikonjesha ikunze gukoreshwa mu gihe cyo gusudira hakoreshejwe laser kugira ngo igenzure ubushyuhe bw'aho isudira ikorerwa, hirindwe ubushyuhe bwinshi, kandi ikomeze kugira ubuziranenge bwo gusudira. Izi zikurikira ni zimwe mu myuka ikonjesha ikoreshwa cyane:
Gazi ikonjesha/ Hagati:Amazi
Amazi ni uburyo busanzwe bwo gukonjesha bukoreshwa mu gukonjesha ibyuma bitanga imirasire ya laser na sisitemu z'amatara zo gusudira laser.
Uburyo bwo gukonjesha amazi bushobora gufasha mu kubungabunga ubushyuhe buhamye bwa moteri ya laser n'ibice bya optique kugira ngo imirasire ya laser ihamye kandi ikore neza.
Gazi ikonjesha/ Hagati:Imyuka yo mu kirere
Mu buryo bumwe na bumwe bwo gusudira hakoreshejwe laser, imyuka yo mu kirere ishobora gukoreshwa mu gukonjesha.
Urugero, muri sisitemu y'urumuri ya moteri ya laser, umwuka ukikije ikirere ushobora gutanga ingaruka zo gukonjesha.
Gazi ikonjesha/ Hagati:Imyuka idakora
Imyuka idakora nka argon na azote nayo ishobora gukoreshwa nk'imyuka ikonjesha.
Zifite ubushobozi buke bwo gutwara ubushyuhe kandi zishobora gukoreshwa mu kugenzura ubushyuhe bw'agace ko gusudira no kugabanya agace gafite ingaruka ku bushyuhe (HAZ).
Gazi ikonjesha/ Hagati:Azote y'amazi
Azote y'amazi ni uburyo bwo gukonjesha buri hasi cyane bushobora gukoreshwa mu gusudira hakoreshejwe laser ikoresha imbaraga nyinshi cyane.
Itanga ingaruka nziza cyane zo gukonjesha kandi igenzura ubushyuhe mu gice cyo gusudira.
4. Gazi ivanze:
Uruvange rwa gazi rukunze gukoreshwa mu gusudira kugira ngo rworoshye ibintu bitandukanye by’iyi gahunda, nko kwihuta mu gusudira, uburebure bw’ubujyakuzimu bw’amazi, no kudahungabana kw’umurambararo w’amazi. Hari ubwoko bubiri bw’ingenzi bw’uruvange rwa gazi: uruvange rw’ibice bibiri n’urw’ibice bitatu.
Uruvange rwa Gazi ebyiri:Argon + Ogisijeni
Kongera ogisijeni nke muri argon byongera ubushobozi bwo kugumana arc, binoza pisine yo gusudira, kandi byongera umuvuduko wo gusudira. Iyi mvange ikoreshwa cyane mu gusudira icyuma cya karuboni, icyuma kidakoresha alloy nyinshi, n'icyuma kidakoresha alloy.
Uruvange rwa Gazi ebyiri:Argon + Dioxide ya karuboni
Kongeramo CO₂ kuri argon byongera imbaraga zo gusudira no kurwanya ingese mu gihe bigabanya imirasire. Iyi mvange ikunze gukoreshwa mu gusudira icyuma cya karuboni n'icyuma kidashonga.
Uruvange rwa Gazi ebyiri:Argon + Hydrogen
Hydrogen yongera ubushyuhe bw'umurambararo, ikongera umuvuduko wo gusudira, kandi ikagabanya inenge zo gusudira. Ni ingirakamaro cyane cyane mu gusudira alloys zishingiye kuri nikeli n'icyuma kitagira umugese.
Uruvange rwa Gazi ya Ternary:Argon + Ogisijeni + Dioxyde de Carbone
Iyi mvange ihuza ibyiza by’imvange ya argon-ogisijeni na argon-CO₂. Igabanya imirasire, ikongera ubushyuhe bwo gusudira mu kidendezi, kandi ikongera ubwiza bwa solder. Ikoreshwa cyane mu gusudira ubunini butandukanye bw’icyuma cya karuboni, icyuma gito, n’icyuma kitagira umugozi.
Uruvange rwa Gazi ya Ternary:Argon + Heliyumu + Dioxyde de Carbone
Iyi mvange ifasha kunoza uburyo arc ihagaze neza, yongera ubushyuhe bwo gusudira pisine, kandi yongera umuvuduko wo gusudira. Ikoreshwa mu gusudira arc hakoreshejwe amashanyarazi make no mu gusudira cyane, itanga uburyo bwo kugenzura neza oxidation.
Guhitamo Gazi mu Bikorwa Bitandukanye
Gusudira hakoreshejwe intoki hakoreshejwe laser
Mu mikoreshereze itandukanye yo gusudira hakoreshejwe laser, guhitamo gazi ikwiye ni ingenzi cyane, kuko imvange itandukanye ya gazi ishobora gutanga ubwiza, umuvuduko, n'imikorere itandukanye. Dore amabwiriza amwe na amwe azagufasha guhitamo gazi ikwiye gukoreshwa mu buryo bwihariye:
Ubwoko bw'ibikoresho byo gusudira:
Icyuma kitagira umwandaikoreshwa mu buryo busanzweUruvange rwa Argon cyangwa Argon/Hydrogen.
Aluminiyumu n'Aluminiyumu Alloysikunze gukoreshwaArgon nziza.
Aloyi za Titaniumikunze gukoreshwaAzote.
Ibyuma bifite karuboni nyinshiikunze gukoreshwaOgisijeni nk'umwuka w'inyongera.
Umuvuduko wo gusudira no kwinjira:
Niba hakenewe umuvuduko mwinshi wo gusudira cyangwa kwinjira cyane mu byuma, imvange y'umwuka ishobora guhindurwa. Kongeramo ogisijeni akenshi byongera umuvuduko no kwinjira, ariko bigomba kugenzurwa neza kugira ngo hirindwe ibibazo byo gushonga.
Kugenzura Agace kagizweho n'Ubushyuhe (HAZ):
Bitewe n'uko ibikoresho birimo gusukurwa, imyanda ihumanya isaba uburyo bwihariye bwo kuyitunganya ishobora gukorwa mu gihe cyo kuyisukura. Ibi bishobora kongera ikiguzi rusange cyo kuyisukura hakoreshejwe laser.
Ubwiza bwo gusudira:
Uruvange rumwe rw'imyuka rushobora kongera ubwiza n'isura y'ibisuguti. Urugero, azote ishobora gutanga isura nziza n'ubwiza bw'ubuso.
Kugenzura Umwobo n'Ibibuno:
Ku birebana n'ibikoresho bisaba gusudira neza cyane, hagomba kwitabwaho cyane ku ikorwa ry'imyenge n'uduheri. Guhitamo neza gaze bishobora kugabanya ibyago byo kwangirika kw'ibi bintu.
Ibipimo by'ibikoresho n'ikiguzi:
Guhitamo gazi nabyo bigira ingaruka ku bwoko bw'ibikoresho n'ikiguzi cyabyo. Imyuka imwe ishobora gukenera uburyo bwihariye bwo gutanga cyangwa ikiguzi kinini.
Ku bijyanye n'ikoreshwa ryihariye, ni byiza gukorana n'umuhanga mu gusudira cyangwa uruganda rw'ibikoresho byo gusudira bya laser kugira ngo ubone inama z'inzobere kandi wongere uburyo bwo gusudira.
Ubusanzwe hakenewe igerageza no kunoza imikorere mbere yuko hatoranywa imvange ya nyuma ya gaze.
Bitewe n'uburyo bwihariye bwo gukoresha, hashobora kugeragezwa uburyo butandukanye bwo guhuza gazi n'ibipimo kugira ngo haboneke uburyo bwiza bwo gusudira.
Ibintu Ugomba Kumenya Kuri: Gusudira hakoreshejwe intoki hakoreshejwe laser
Imashini yo gusudira ya laser isabwa
Kugira ngo urusheho kunoza imirimo yawe yo gukora ibyuma no gutunganya ibikoresho, guhitamo ibikoresho bikwiye ni ngombwa. MimoWork Laser iragusabaImashini yo gusudira ikoresha intoki ya laserkugira ngo habeho guhuza ibyuma neza kandi neza.
Ifite ubushobozi bwinshi n'imbaraga nyinshi zo gusudira mu buryo butandukanye
Imashini yo gusudira ya laser ya 2000W ikoreshwa mu ntoki irangwa n'ingano nto y'imashini ariko ifite ubuziranenge bwo gusudira bugaragara.
Isoko ya laser ihamye hamwe n'insinga ya fiber ihujwe bitanga uburyo bwo gutanga urumuri rwa laser mu buryo bwizewe kandi buhamye.
Kubera imbaraga nyinshi, urufunguzo rwo gusudira rwa laser rurakora neza kandi rutuma urusobe rwo gusudira rukomera ndetse no ku cyuma kinini.
Ifite ishusho nto kandi nto, imashini ikoreshwa mu gusudira hakoreshejwe laser ifite imbunda ikoreshwa mu gusudira hakoreshejwe laser ishobora kwimurwa, yoroshye kandi yoroshye gukoreshwa mu gusudira hakoreshejwe laser nyinshi ku mfuruka iyo ari yo yose no ku buso ubwo aribwo bwose.
Ubwoko butandukanye bw'iminwa ikoreshwa mu gusudira hakoreshejwe laser hamwe na sisitemu yo gutanga insinga mu buryo bwikora byoroshya akazi ko gusudira hakoreshejwe laser kandi bikaba byiza ku batangira.
Gusudira hakoreshejwe laser yihuta cyane byongera cyane umusaruro wawe mu gukora no gutanga umusaruro, ariko bigatuma habaho ingaruka nziza zo gusudira hakoreshejwe laser.
Shyira mu ncamake
Muri make, gusudira hakoreshejwe laser bisaba gukoresha gazi kugira ngo birinde ahantu ho gusudira, kugenzura ubushyuhe, kunoza ubwiza bwa solder, no kurinda sisitemu z'amaso. Guhitamo ubwoko bukwiye bwa gazi n'ibipimo by'ingufu ni ikintu cy'ingenzi mu kwemeza ko inzira yo gusudira hakoreshejwe laser ikora neza kandi ihamye no kubona ibisubizo byiza byo gusudira. Ibikoresho n'ikoreshwa bitandukanye bishobora gusaba ubwoko butandukanye n'ibipimo bivanze kugira ngo huzuzwe ibisabwa byihariye byo gusudira.
Tubwire uyu munsikugira ngo umenye byinshi ku byerekeye ibyuma byacu bikata imirasire ya laser n'uburyo bishobora kunoza uburyo bwawe bwo gukora.
Hari igitekerezo ufite ku bijyanye n'imashini zo gusudira hakoreshejwe laser?
Igihe cyo kohereza: Mutarama 13-2025