Ingaruka za Gazi Irinda Uburinzi mu Gusudira hakoreshejwe Laser
Ni iki Gazi Irinda Ishobora Kukumarira?
IMu gusudira hakoreshejwe laser, guhitamo gaze irinda bishobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye ku miterere, ubwiza, ubujyakuzimu, n'ubugari bw'umushongi w'ubusudi.
Mu bihe byinshi, gushyiramo umwuka urinda bigira ingaruka nziza ku mugozi wo gusudira mu gihe gukoresha nabi umwuka urinda bishobora kugira ingaruka mbi ku gusudira.
Ingaruka nziza n'izidakwiye zo gukoresha umwuka urinda ni izi zikurikira:
Ikoreshwa Rikwiye
Ikoreshwa Ridakwiye
1. Uburinzi Bunoze bwa Pisine yo Gusudira
Gushyira umwuka urinda ibintu neza bishobora kurinda neza ikigega cyo gusudira amazi cyangwa bikarinda amazi gushonga burundu.
1. Kwangirika k'Umugozi wo Gusuka
Gushyira gaze irinda mu buryo butari bwiza bishobora gutuma umushonge w’imyenda udafite ubuziranenge buhagije.
2. Kugabanya kwangiza
Gushyiramo umwuka urinda neza bishobora kugabanya kunyuranamo mu gihe cyo gusudira.
2. Imiterere y'imashini icikamo ibice no kugabanuka
Guhitamo ubwoko butari bwo bwa gazi bishobora gutuma umushongi ucika kandi bigatuma imikorere ya mekanike igabanuka.
3. Imiterere imwe y'Umugozi wo Gusudira
Gushyira umwuka urinda neza bituma ikidendezi cyo gusudira gikwirakwira neza mu gihe cyo gukomera, bigatuma umushongi wo gusudira uba mwiza kandi ushimishije.
3. Kongera Oxidation cyangwa Interferences
Guhitamo umuvuduko utari wo wa gazi, waba uri hejuru cyane cyangwa uri hasi cyane, bishobora gutuma umugozi w’ubushuhe wiyongera. Bishobora kandi guteza ibibazo bikomeye ku cyuma cyashongeshejwe, bigatera gusenyuka cyangwa kutagira imiterere ikwiye y’umugozi w’ubushuhe.
4. Kongera Ikoreshwa rya Laser
Gushyiramo umwuka urinda neza bishobora kugabanya neza ingaruka z'uburinzi bw'umwuka w'icyuma cyangwa ibicu bya plasma kuri laser, bityo bikanongera imikorere ya laser.
4. Uburinzi budahagije cyangwa ingaruka mbi
Guhitamo uburyo bubi bwo gushyiramo gaze bishobora gutuma umugozi wo gusudira udahagije cyangwa bikagira ingaruka mbi ku ikorwa ry'umugozi wo gusudira.
5. Kugabanya ubwiyongere bw'imiyoboro y'amazi mu buryo bwa Weld Porosity
Gushyiramo umwuka urinda neza bishobora kugabanya kugaragara kw'imyenge ya gazi mu gice cyo gusudira. Guhitamo ubwoko bwa gazi bukwiye, umuvuduko w'amazi, n'uburyo bwo kuyishyiramo, umusaruro mwiza ushobora kugerwaho.
5. Ingaruka ku bujyakuzimu bw'ubushuhe
Gushyiramo umwuka urinda bishobora kugira ingaruka ku bujyakuzimu bw'icyuma gisudira, cyane cyane mu gusudira icyuma gito, aho bigabanya ubujyakuzimu bw'icyuma gisudira.
Ubwoko butandukanye bwa gaze irinda
Imyuka ikoreshwa cyane mu gusudira hakoreshejwe laser ni azote (N2), argon (Ar), na heliyumu (He). Iyi myuka ifite imiterere itandukanye ya fiziki n'iya shimi, ibyo bigatuma igira ingaruka zitandukanye ku musumeno w'ubushuhe.
1. Azote (N2)
N2 ifite ingufu za ionization ziri hagati, ziruta Ar kandi ziri munsi ya He. Mu gihe laser ikora, irahinduka ku rugero ruri hagati, ikagabanya neza ikorwa ry'ibicu bya plasma no kongera ikoreshwa rya laser. Ariko, azote ishobora gukorana na aluminium alloys na carbone steel mu bushyuhe bumwe na bumwe, igakora nitrides. Ibi bishobora kongera ububobere no kugabanya ubukomere bw'umushongi wo gusuka, bigira ingaruka mbi ku miterere yayo. Kubwibyo, gukoresha azote nk'umwuka urinda aluminium alloys na carbone steel welds ntibyemewe. Ku rundi ruhande, azote ishobora gukorana na steel stainless, igakora nitrides yongera imbaraga z'umushongi wo gusuka. Kubwibyo, azote ishobora gukoreshwa nk'umwuka urinda ibyuma bitanduye.
2. Gazi ya Argon (Ar)
Gazi ya Argon ifite ingufu nke cyane zo gushyiramo ionization, bigatuma habaho ionization nyinshi mu gihe cy’ibikorwa bya laser. Ibi ntibikwiye mu kugenzura ikorwa ry’ibicu bya plasma kandi bishobora kugira ingaruka ku ikoreshwa neza rya laser. Ariko, argon ifite reactivity nke cyane kandi ntabwo ishobora kugira ingaruka za chemical hamwe n’ibyuma bisanzwe. Byongeye kandi, argon ihendutse. Byongeye kandi, bitewe n’ubucucike bwayo bwinshi, argon iramanuka hejuru y’ikigega cyo gusukamo, bigatanga uburinzi bwiza kuri pisine yo gusukamo. Kubwibyo, ishobora gukoreshwa nk'umwuka usanzwe wo kurinda.
3. Gazi ya Heliyumu (He)
Gazi ya Heliyumu ifite ingufu nyinshi za ionization, bigatuma ionization iba nke cyane iyo ikoreshejwe na laser. Ituma habaho kugenzura neza imiterere y'ibicu bya plasma, kandi laser zishobora gukorana neza n'ibyuma. Byongeye kandi, heliyumu ifite reactivity nke cyane kandi ntishobora gukorana na chemical reactions hamwe n'ibyuma, bigatuma iba gaze nziza yo gukingira ubushyuhe. Ariko, heliyumu ihenze cyane, bityo muri rusange ntikoreshwa mu gukora ibicuruzwa byinshi. Ikunze gukoreshwa mu bushakashatsi bwa siyansi cyangwa ku bicuruzwa bifite agaciro kanini.
Uburyo Bubiri bwo Gukoresha Gazi Irinda
Muri iki gihe, hari uburyo bubiri bw'ingenzi bwo gushyiramo imyuka yo kurinda: imyuka yo ku ruhande idafite umurongo n'imyuka yo kurinda imyuka ya coaxial, nk'uko bigaragara ku Ishusho ya 1 n'Ishusho ya 2.
Ishusho ya 1: Gazi irinda uruhande rudafite umurongo
Ishusho ya 2: Imyuka yo kurinda ikirere
Guhitamo hagati y'uburyo bubiri bwo gushyushya biterwa n'ibintu bitandukanye.
Muri rusange, ni byiza gukoresha uburyo bwo gushyushya uruhande rutari ku murongo kugira ngo urinde gaze.
Nigute Wahitamo Gazi Irinda Ikwiye?
Ubwa mbere, ni ngombwa gusobanura neza ko ijambo "oxidation" ya welds ari imvugo ikoreshwa mu buryo bw'imvugo. Muri teyori, yerekeza ku kwangirika k'ubwiza bwa welds bitewe n'imikorere ya shimi hagati y'icyuma cya welds n'ibintu byangiza mu kirere, nka ogisijeni, azote na hydrogen.
Kurinda ogisijeni y’ibice byangiza bikubiyemo kugabanya cyangwa kwirinda ko ibyo bice byangiza bihura n’icyuma gishyushya cyane. Iki gihe cy’ubushyuhe bwinshi ntabwo kirimo gusa icyuma gishyushya gusa ahubwo kirimo n’igihe cyose kuva icyo cyuma gishongeshejwe kugeza igihe icyo cyuma gikomereye kandi ubushyuhe bwacyo bukagabanuka munsi y’urugero runaka.
Uburyo bwo gusudira
Urugero, mu gusudira aloyide za titaniyumu, iyo ubushyuhe buri hejuru ya 300°C, hydrogen yinjizwa vuba; hejuru ya 450°C, oxygen yinjizwa vuba; naho hejuru ya 600°C, nitrogen yinjizwa vuba.
Bityo rero, uburinzi bufatika burakenewe kuri titaniyumu alloy weld mu gihe cy’ihinduka ry’ubushyuhe n’ubushyuhe bwayo bukagabanuka munsi ya dogere selisiyusi 300 kugira ngo hirindwe ko ogisijeni yangirika. Dukurikije ibisobanuro byavuzwe haruguru, biragaragara ko gazi yo kurinda ikoreshwa mu gukingira igomba kurinda atari pisine yo gusudira gusa mu gihe gikwiye ahubwo no ku gace kasunzwe neza k’umusemburo. Bityo, uburyo bwo gusudira ku ruhande rutari ku murongo bugaragazwa ku Ishusho ya 1 muri rusange bukundwa kuko butanga uburinzi bwinshi ugereranije n’uburyo bwo gukingira bwa coaxial bugaragazwa ku Ishusho ya 2, cyane cyane ku gace kasunzwe neza k’umusemburo.
Ariko, ku bicuruzwa bimwe na bimwe byihariye, guhitamo uburyo bigomba gukorwa hashingiwe ku miterere y'ibicuruzwa n'imiterere y'ibikubiye mu bicuruzwa.
Uburyo bwihariye bwo gushyiramo imyuka irinda
1. Gusudira umurongo ugororotse
Niba imiterere y’umushongi w’ibicuruzwa igororotse, nk’uko bigaragara ku Ishusho ya 3, kandi imiterere y’ingingo irimo ingingo z’amatako, ingingo z’amatako, inyunganiramigozi, cyangwa inyunganiramigozi zometseho, uburyo bwiza bwo gukoresha ubu bwoko bw’ibicuruzwa ni uburyo bwo gusohora uruhande rutari ku murongo bugaragara ku Ishusho ya 1.
Ishusho ya 3: Gusudira umurongo ugororotse
2. Ubuso bw'ijimeteri bukozwe mu buryo bwa Planar Enclosed
Nkuko bigaragara ku Ishusho ya 4, ubushuhe muri ubu bwoko bw'ibicuruzwa bufite imiterere ifunze, nk'imiterere y'uruziga, poligonali, cyangwa imiterere y'umurongo w'ibice byinshi. Imiterere y'ingingo ishobora kuba irimo ingingo z'ubuki, ingingo z'imirongo, cyangwa ubushuhe bw'imirongo. Kuri ubu bwoko bw'ibicuruzwa, uburyo bwiza ni ugukoresha umwuka wo kurinda wa coaxial ugaragara ku Ishusho ya 2.
Ishusho ya 4: Ubuso bw'ijimeteri bukozwe mu buryo bwa Planar Enclosed
Guhitamo gazi yo gukingira ikoreshwa mu gusudira imiterere y’imashini zikora mu buryo bwa “planar enclosed geometry welds” bigira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye ku bwiza, imikorere myiza, n’ikiguzi cyo gukora imashini zikora mu gusudira. Ariko, bitewe n’ubwoko butandukanye bw’ibikoresho byo gusudira, guhitamo gazi yo gusudira biragoye mu buryo nyabwo bwo gusudira. Bisaba gusuzuma neza ibikoresho byo gusudira, uburyo bwo gusudira, aho gusudira biherereye, n’umusaruro wifuzwa wo gusudira. Guhitamo gazi yo gusudira ikwiriye bishobora kugenwa binyuze mu isuzuma ry’imashini kugira ngo haboneke umusaruro mwiza wo gusudira.
Kugaragaza Videwo | Ishusho y'imashini yo gusudira hakoreshejwe laser ikoreshwa mu ntoki
Menya byinshi ku bijyanye n'icyo gukoresha laser ikoreshwa mu gusudira mu ntoki ari cyo
Iyi videwo isobanura icyo imashini yo gusudira hakoreshejwe laser ari cyo n'icyoamabwiriza n'imiterere ugomba kumenya.
Iyi ni yo nama nziza mbere yo kugura imashini ikoresha laser isudira.
Hari imiterere y'ibanze y'imashini yo gusudira ya laser ya 1000W 1500w 2000w.
Gusudira hakoreshejwe laser ikoreshwa mu buryo butandukanye ku bikenewe bitandukanye
Muri iyi videwo, turakwereka uburyo butandukanye bwo gusudira ushobora kugeraho ukoresheje imashini isuka ikoresheje laser. Imashini isuka ikoresheje laser ishobora no guhuza urubuga hagati y’umukozi mushya wo gusudira n’umuhanga mu by’imashini isuka.
Dutanga amahitamo kuva kuri 500w kugeza kuri 3000w.
Igikoresho cyo gusudira gikoreshwa mu nkoni cya laser gisabwa
Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa
- Mu gusudira hakoreshejwe laser, gaze yo kurinda ni ikintu cy'ingenzi gikoreshwa mu kurinda agace gasudiramo kwanduza ikirere. Umurimbo wa laser ukoreshwa cyane muri ubu bwoko bwo gusudira utanga ubushyuhe bwinshi, bigatuma habaho ikigega cy'icyuma gishongeshejwe.
Gazi idakora ikunze gukoreshwa mu kurinda ikidendezi cyashongeshejwe mu gihe cyo gusudira imashini zisudira hakoreshejwe laser. Iyo ibikoresho bimwe na bimwe bisudiwe, ogisijeni y'ubuso ishobora kutitabwaho. Ariko, ku bikorwa byinshi, helium, argon, azote, n'indi myuka ikunze gukoreshwa nk'uburinzi. Ibi bikurikira Reka turebe impamvu imashini zisudira hakoreshejwe laser zikenera gaze yo kurinda iyo zisudira.
Mu gusudira hakoreshejwe laser, gazi yo kurinda ingirangingo izagira ingaruka ku ishusho y’ubushude, ubwiza bw’ubushude, kwinjira mu bushude, n’ubugari bw’ubushude. Akenshi, gusukura gazi yo kurinda ingirangingo bizagira ingaruka nziza ku bushude.
- Uruvange rwa Argon-HeliumUruvange rwa Argon-Helium: muri rusange ni byiza gukoresha mu gusudira hakoreshejwe laser ya aluminiyumu bitewe n'urwego rw'imbaraga za laser. Uruvange rwa Argon-Oxygen: rushobora gutanga umusaruro mwiza kandi rufite ireme ryemewe ryo gusudira.
- Imyuka ikoreshwa mu gushushanya no gukoresha laser za gaz ni iyi ikurikira: dioxyde de carbone (CO2), helium-neon (H na Ne), na azote (N).
Hari ikibazo ufite ku bijyanye no gusudira hakoreshejwe laser ikoreshwa mu ntoki?
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gicurasi-19-2023