Kuwotcherera pogwiritsa ntchito laser cholinga chake chachikulu ndikuwongolera bwino momwe zinthu zowotcherera zimagwirira ntchito komanso ubwino wa zinthu zoonda pakhoma komanso zigawo zolondola. Lero sitikulankhula za ubwino wa kuwotcherera pogwiritsa ntchito laser koma tikambirana momwe tingagwiritsire ntchito mpweya woteteza powotcherera pogwiritsa ntchito laser moyenera.
N’chifukwa chiyani mumagwiritsa ntchito gasi woteteza powotcherera ndi laser?
Mu kuwotcherera pogwiritsa ntchito laser, mpweya woteteza umakhudza kapangidwe ka weld, ubwino wa weld, kuya kwa weld, ndi m'lifupi mwa weld. Nthawi zambiri, kupukutira mpweya wothandizidwa kumakhala ndi zotsatira zabwino pa weld, koma kungayambitsenso zotsatirapo zoyipa.
Mukapsereza mpweya woteteza bwino, udzakuthandizani:
✦Tetezani bwino dziwe losungunula kuti muchepetse kapena kupewa kukhuthala kwa okosijeni
✦Kuchepetsa bwino kuchuluka kwa madzi otuluka mu ndondomeko yowotcherera
✦Kuchepetsa bwino ma pores a weld
✦Thandizani dziwe lothira zitsulo kufalikira mofanana pamene likulimba, kuti msoko wa zitsulo ukhale ndi m'mphepete woyera komanso wosalala.
✦Mphamvu yoteteza ya nthunzi yachitsulo kapena mtambo wa plasma pa laser imachepetsedwa bwino, ndipo kuchuluka kwa kugwiritsa ntchito laser moyenera kumawonjezeka.
Bola ngatiMtundu wa mpweya woteteza, kuchuluka kwa mpweya wotuluka, ndi kusankha njira yopumiraNgati ndi zoona, mutha kupeza zotsatira zabwino za kuwotcherera. Komabe, kugwiritsa ntchito molakwika mpweya woteteza kungawonongenso kuwotcherera. Kugwiritsa ntchito mpweya woteteza molakwika kungayambitse kuphulika kwa weld kapena kuchepetsa mphamvu za makina a kuwotcherera. Kuthamanga kwa mpweya kwambiri kapena kotsika kwambiri kungayambitse kusungunuka kwa weld komanso kusokoneza kwakukulu kwa zinthu zachitsulo mkati mwa dziwe lowotcherera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti weld igwe kapena kupanga zinthu zosafanana.
Mitundu ya mpweya woteteza
Mpweya woteteza womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri powotcherera ndi laser ndi N2, Ar, ndi He. Kapangidwe kake ka thupi ndi mankhwala ndi kosiyana, kotero zotsatira zake pa ma weld ndizosiyananso.
Nayitrogeni (N2)
Mphamvu ya ionization ya N2 ndi yocheperako, yokwera kuposa ya Ar, komanso yotsika kuposa ya He. Pansi pa kuwala kwa laser, digiri ya ionization ya N2 imakhalabe pa keel yofanana, zomwe zingachepetse bwino kupangika kwa mtambo wa plasma ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa kugwiritsa ntchito bwino kwa laser. Nayitrogeni imatha kuchitapo kanthu ndi aluminiyamu ndi chitsulo cha kaboni pa kutentha kwina kuti ipange ma nitride, zomwe zingathandize kusweka kwa weld ndikuchepetsa kulimba, komanso kukhala ndi zotsatira zoyipa kwambiri pamakina a zolumikizira za weld. Chifukwa chake, sikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito nayitrogeni polumikiza aluminiyamu ndi chitsulo cha kaboni.
Komabe, momwe nayitrogeni imagwirira ntchito ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chomwe chimapangidwa ndi nayitrogeni chingathandize kulimbitsa mphamvu ya cholumikizira cholumikizira, zomwe zingathandize kukonza mawonekedwe a makina a cholumikiziracho, kotero kulumikiza chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri kungagwiritse ntchito nayitrogeni ngati mpweya woteteza.
Argon (Ar)
Mphamvu ya ionization ya Argon ndi yotsika, ndipo digiri yake ya ionization idzakwera kwambiri ngati laser ikugwira ntchito. Kenako, Argon, monga mpweya woteteza, sangathe kulamulira bwino mapangidwe a mitambo ya plasma, zomwe zimachepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito bwino kwa laser welding. Funso limabuka: kodi argon ndi yoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati welding ngati mpweya woteteza? Yankho ndi Ayi. Popeza ndi mpweya wopanda mphamvu, Argon ndi yovuta kuchita ndi zitsulo zambiri, ndipo Ar ndi yotsika mtengo kugwiritsa ntchito. Kuphatikiza apo, kuchuluka kwa Ar ndi kwakukulu, kudzakhala koyenera kumira pamwamba pa dziwe losungunuka la weld ndipo kumatha kuteteza bwino dziwe loteteza, kotero Argon ingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati mpweya woteteza wamba.
Helium (Iye)
Mosiyana ndi Argon, Helium ili ndi mphamvu zambiri za ionization zomwe zimatha kuwongolera kupangika kwa mitambo ya plasma mosavuta. Nthawi yomweyo, Helium sichitapo kanthu ndi zitsulo zilizonse. Ndi chisankho chabwino kwambiri chowotcherera ndi laser. Vuto lokhalo ndilakuti Helium ndi yokwera mtengo. Kwa opanga zinthu zopangira zitsulo zambiri, helium imawonjezera ndalama zambiri pamtengo wopangira. Chifukwa chake helium nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito mu kafukufuku wasayansi kapena zinthu zomwe zimakhala ndi phindu lalikulu kwambiri.
Kodi mungapukute bwanji mpweya woteteza?
Choyamba, ziyenera kumveka bwino kuti chomwe chimatchedwa "oxidation" ya weld ndi dzina lodziwika bwino, lomwe limatanthauza momwe mankhwala amachitira pakati pa weld ndi zinthu zovulaza mumlengalenga, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti weld iwonongeke. Kawirikawiri, chitsulo cha weld chimakumana ndi mpweya, nayitrogeni, ndi haidrojeni mumlengalenga pa kutentha kwina.
Kuti weld isawonongeke, pamafunika kuchepetsa kapena kupewa kukhudzana ndi zinthu zoopsa zotere ndi weld chitsulo pamene kutentha kwakukulu kuli kwakukulu, komwe sikuli kokha mu dziwe losungunuka komanso nthawi yonse kuyambira nthawi yomwe weld chitsulocho chimasungunuka mpaka dziwe losungunuka litakhazikika ndipo kutentha kwake kukuzizira mpaka kutentha kwina.
Njira ziwiri zazikulu zopumira mpweya woteteza
▶Mmodzi akupumira mpweya woteteza mbali ya mbali, monga momwe zasonyezedwera pa Chithunzi 1.
▶Njira ina ndi njira yopukutira mpweya pogwiritsa ntchito coaxial blowing, monga momwe zasonyezedwera pa Chithunzi 2.
Chithunzi 1.
Chithunzi 2.
Kusankha njira ziwiri zopukutira mpweya ndi nkhani yofunika kuganizira mwatsatanetsatane. Kawirikawiri, tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito njira yotetezera mpweya wopukutira mpweya m'mbali.
Zitsanzo zina za kuwotcherera kwa laser
1. Kuwotcherera kowongoka kwa mkanda/mzere
Monga momwe zasonyezedwera pa Chithunzi 3, mawonekedwe a weld a chinthucho ndi olunjika, ndipo mawonekedwe a joint akhoza kukhala butt joint, lap joint, negative corner joint, kapena overlapped welding joint. Pa mtundu uwu wa chinthu, ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito mpweya woteteza womwe umaphulika mbali monga momwe zasonyezedwera pa Chithunzi 1.
2. Kuwotcherera pafupi ndi chithunzi kapena dera
Monga momwe zasonyezedwera pa Chithunzi 4, mawonekedwe a weld a chinthucho ndi otsekedwa monga kuzungulira kwa plane, mawonekedwe a plane multilateral, mawonekedwe a plane multi-segment linear, ndi zina zotero. Mawonekedwe a joint akhoza kukhala butt joint, lap joint, overlapping welding, ndi zina zotero. Ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito njira ya coaxial protective gas monga momwe zasonyezedwera pa Chithunzi 2 pa mtundu uwu wa chinthu.
Kusankha mpweya woteteza kumakhudza mwachindunji ubwino wa kuwotcherera, kugwira ntchito bwino, ndi mtengo wopangira, koma chifukwa cha kusiyanasiyana kwa zinthu zowotcherera, mu ndondomeko yeniyeni yowotcherera, kusankha mpweya wowotcherera kumakhala kovuta kwambiri ndipo kumafunika kuganizira mozama za zinthu zowotcherera, njira yowotcherera, malo owotcherera, komanso zofunikira za mphamvu yowotcherera. Kudzera mu mayeso a kuwotcherera, mutha kusankha mpweya woyenera wowotcherera kuti mupeze zotsatira zabwino.
Ndimakonda kuwotcherera pogwiritsa ntchito laser ndipo ndikufuna kuphunzira momwe ndingasankhire mpweya woteteza
Maulalo Ogwirizana:
Nthawi yotumizira: Okutobala-10-2022