Gusudira hakoreshejwe imirasire ya laser bigamije ahanini kunoza imikorere myiza n'ubwiza bw'ibikoresho byo ku rukuta bito n'ibice bito. Uyu munsi ntabwo tugiye kuvuga ku byiza byo gusudira hakoreshejwe imirasire ya laser ahubwo turibanda ku buryo bwo gukoresha imyuka irinda uburinzi mu gusudira hakoreshejwe imirasire ya laser neza.
Kuki hakoreshwa gaze y'uburinzi mu gusudira hakoreshejwe laser?
Mu gusudira hakoreshejwe laser, gaze y’uburinzi igira ingaruka ku ikorwa ry’uburinzi, ubwiza bwa burinzi, uburebure bwa burinzi, n’ubugari bwa burinzi. Kenshi na kenshi, gusukura gaze y’uburinzi bigira ingaruka nziza ku burinzi, ariko bishobora no kuzana ingaruka mbi.
Iyo uhumetse neza umwuka urinda impanuka, bizagufasha:
✦Kurinda neza ikigega cyo gusudira kugira ngo ugabanye cyangwa wirinde ogisijeni
✦Kugabanya neza uburyo bwo gusudira bukoreshwa mu gusudira
✦Kugabanya neza imyenge yo gusudira
✦Fasha pisine yo gusudira gukwirakwira neza iyo ikomera, kugira ngo umushongi wo gusudira ube n'inkombe isukuye kandi yoroshye
✦Ingaruka zo kurinda imyuka y'icyuma cyangwa igicu cya plasma kuri laser ziragabanuka neza, kandi igipimo cyo gukoresha laser neza kiriyongera.
Igihe cyoseUbwoko bwa gaze y'uburinzi, umuvuduko w'amazi asohoka, n'uburyo bwo guhumekani byo, ushobora kubona ingaruka nziza zo gusudira. Ariko, gukoresha nabi gazi irinda bishobora no kugira ingaruka mbi ku gusudira. Gukoresha ubwoko bubi bwa gazi yo kurinda bishobora gutuma icyuma gisuka mu gusuka cyangwa bikagabanya imiterere ya mashini yo gusudira. Umuvuduko mwinshi cyane cyangwa muto cyane w’umwuka ushobora gutera ogisijeni ikomeye cyane no kwivanga gukomeye kw’icyuma kiri mu gishanga, bigatuma icyuma gisenyuka cyangwa kidakora neza.
Ubwoko bw'imyuka irinda
Imyuka ikoreshwa cyane mu gusudira hakoreshejwe laser ni N2, Ar, na He. Imiterere yayo isanzwe n'iya shimi iratandukanye, bityo ingaruka zayo ku gusudira nazo ziratandukanye.
Azote (N2)
Ingufu za ionization za N2 ni nkeya, ziri hejuru y’iza Ar, kandi ziri hasi y’iza He. Mu gihe cy’imirasire ya laser, urugero rwa ionization rwa N2 ruguma ku murongo umwe, bishobora kugabanya cyane ikorwa ry’igicu cya plasma no kongera umuvuduko mwiza wo gukoresha laser. Azote ishobora gukorana na aluminiyumu na karubone ku bushyuhe runaka kugira ngo ikore nitrides, bizamura ububobere bwo gushonga no kugabanya gukomera, kandi bigire ingaruka mbi cyane ku miterere y’ingingo zo gushonga. Kubwibyo, ntibyemewe gukoresha azote mu gusudira aluminiyumu na karubone.
Ariko, uburyo imikorere y’ibinyabutabire hagati ya azote n’icyuma kitagira umushongi bivamo azote bishobora kongera imbaraga z’aho bihurira, ibyo bikaba ingirakamaro mu kunoza imiterere y’icyuma kitagira umushongi, bityo gusudira icyuma kitagira umushongi bishobora gukoresha azote nk’umwuka urinda.
Argon (Ar)
Ingufu za Argon zo gushyiramo ionization ni nkeya, kandi urwego rwayo rwo gushyiramo ionization ruzaba rwinshi iyo hakoreshejwe laser. Hanyuma, Argon, nk'umwuka ukingira, ntishobora kugenzura neza ikorwa ry'ibicu bya plasma, bizagabanya umuvuduko ukoreshwa neza wo gusudira laser. Ikibazo kivuka ni iki: ese argon ni ikibazo kibi cyo gukoresha nk'umwuka ukingira? Igisubizo ni Oya. Kubera ko ari umwuka utagira imbaraga, Argon iragoye gukorana n'ibyuma byinshi, kandi Ar irahendutse kuyikoresha. Byongeye kandi, ubucucike bwa Ar ni bwinshi, izaba nziza yo kwibira ku buso bwa pisine ishongeshejwe kandi ishobora kurinda pisine ikingira, bityo Argon ishobora gukoreshwa nk'umwuka usanzwe urinda.
Heliyumu (He)
Bitandukanye na Argon, Helium ifite ingufu nyinshi za ionization zishobora kugenzura ikorwa ry'ibicu bya plasma byoroshye. Ariko kandi, Helium ntigira icyo ikora n'icyuma icyo ari cyo cyose. Mu by'ukuri ni amahitamo meza yo gusudira hakoreshejwe laser. Ikibazo kimwe gusa ni uko Helium ihenze cyane. Ku bakora ibikoresho by'icyuma bikorerwa mu bwinshi, helium yongera umubare munini w'ikiguzi cyo kuyikora. Bityo rero helium ikoreshwa muri rusange mu bushakashatsi bwa siyansi cyangwa mu bicuruzwa bifite agaciro kenshi cyane.
Ni gute wakoresha gaze y'uburinzi?
Mbere na mbere, bigomba kumvikana neza ko icyo bita "oxidation" y'umusemburo ari izina risanzwe gusa, mu buryo bw'imitekerereze ryerekeza ku buryo bw'imiti bukoreshwa hagati y'umusemburo n'ibintu byangiza mu kirere, bigatuma umusemburo ugabanuka. Akenshi, icyuma cy'umusemburo gihura na ogisijeni, azote, na hydrogen mu kirere ku bushyuhe runaka.
Kugira ngo wirinde ko ubushuhe bushobora "guhinduka ogisijeni" bisaba kugabanya cyangwa kwirinda ko ibintu nk'ibyo byangiza bihura n'icyuma gishyushye mu gihe cy'ubushyuhe bwinshi, kitari mu cyuma gishongeshejwe gusa ahubwo n'igihe cyose kuva igihe ubushuhe bushongeshejwe kugeza igihe icyuma gishongeshejwe gikomeretse kandi ubushyuhe bwacyo bugakonja kugeza ku bushyuhe runaka.
Uburyo bubiri bw'ingenzi bwo gukurura imyuka irinda
▶Umuntu arimo gushyushya umwuka urinda ku ruhande, nk'uko bigaragara ku Ishusho ya 1.
▶Ubundi ni uburyo bwo guhumeka bwa coaxial, nk'uko bigaragara ku Ishusho ya 2.
Ishusho ya 1.
Ishusho ya 2.
Guhitamo uburyo bubiri bwo gushyushya ni ukwita ku bintu byinshi. Muri rusange, ni byiza gukoresha uburyo bwo gushyushya gazi ku ruhande.
Ingero zimwe na zimwe zo gusudira hakoreshejwe laser
1. Gusudira imisumari igororotse/imirongo
Nkuko bigaragara ku Ishusho ya 3, imiterere y'ubushuhe bw'igicuruzwa ni umurongo ugororotse, kandi imiterere y'ipfundo ishobora kuba ipfundo ry'ikibuno, ipfundo ry'ikibuno, ipfundo ry'imfuruka ridafite aho rihuriye, cyangwa ipfundo ry'ubushuhe rifatanye. Kuri ubu bwoko bw'igicuruzwa, ni byiza gukoresha umwuka urinda uruhande nk'uko bigaragara ku Ishusho ya 1.
2. Gusudira hafi cyangwa ahantu hatandukanye
Nkuko bigaragara ku Ishusho ya 4, imiterere y'ibicuruzwa ni ishusho ifunze nk'uruziga rw'ikirere, imiterere y'impande nyinshi, imiterere y'umurongo w'ibice byinshi, n'ibindi. Imiterere y'ingingo ishobora kuba iy'ibibuno, iy'ibibuno, iy'ubushuhe bufatanye, n'ibindi. Ni byiza gukoresha uburyo bwa gaze irinda coaxial nk'uko bigaragara ku Ishusho ya 2 kuri ubu bwoko bw'ibicuruzwa.
Guhitamo gazi irinda bigira ingaruka zitaziguye ku bwiza bw'ubusudi, imikorere myiza, n'ikiguzi cy'umusaruro, ariko kubera ubwoko butandukanye bw'ibikoresho byo gusudira, mu buryo nyabwo bwo gusudira, guhitamo gazi yo gusudira biragoye cyane kandi bisaba gusuzuma neza ibikoresho byo gusudira, uburyo bwo gusudira, aho gusudira biherereye, ndetse n'ibisabwa kugira ngo ingaruka zo gusudira ziboneke. Binyuze mu bizamini byo gusudira, ushobora guhitamo gazi yo gusudira ikubereye kugira ngo ugere ku musaruro mwiza.
Ushishikajwe no gusudira hakoreshejwe laser kandi witeguye kwiga uburyo bwo guhitamo gaze y'uburinzi
Amasano ajyanye:
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukwakira 10-2022