Ukuwelda nge-laser kujoliswe kakhulu ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kakuhle kokuwelda kunye nomgangatho wezinto ezibhityileyo eludongeni kunye neendawo ezichanekileyo. Namhlanje asizukuthetha ngeenzuzo zokuwelda nge-laser kodwa sigxile kwindlela yokusebenzisa iigesi zokukhusela ukuwelda nge-laser ngokufanelekileyo.
Kutheni usebenzisa igesi yokukhusela xa usebenzisa i-laser welding?
Kwi-laser welding, i-shield gas iya kuchaphazela ukwakheka kwe-weld, umgangatho we-weld, ubunzulu be-weld, kunye nobubanzi be-weld. Kwiimeko ezininzi, ukuvuthela i-assisted gas kuya kuba nefuthe elihle kwi-weld, kodwa kunokubangela nemiphumo emibi.
Xa uvuthela igesi yokukhusela ngokuchanekileyo, iya kukunceda:
✦Khusela ichibi lokuwelda ngokufanelekileyo ukuze unciphise okanye uphephe i-oxidation
✦Nciphisa ngempumelelo ukutshiza okuveliswa kwinkqubo yokuwelda
✦Ngokufanelekileyo kunciphisa ii-weld pores
✦Nceda idama lokuwelda lisasazeke ngokulinganayo xa liqina, ukuze umthungo wokuwelda ube nomphetho ococekileyo nogudileyo
✦Isiphumo sokukhusela seplamu yomphunga wesinyithi okanye ilifu leplasma kwilaser sincitshiswa ngokufanelekileyo, kwaye izinga lokusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo kwelaser liyandiswa.
Lo gama njeuhlobo lwegesi ekhuselayo, izinga lokuhamba kwegesi, kunye nokukhetha indlela yokuvuthelaUkuba zichanekile, ungafumana isiphumo esifanelekileyo sokuwelda. Nangona kunjalo, ukusetyenziswa gwenxa kwegesi yokukhusela nako kunokuchaphazela kakubi ukuwelda. Ukusebenzisa uhlobo olungalunganga lwegesi yokukhusela kunokukhokelela ekuqhekekeni kwe-weld okanye kunciphise iimpawu zoomatshini zokuwelda. Isantya sokuhamba kwegesi esiphezulu kakhulu okanye esiphantsi kakhulu sinokukhokelela kwi-weld oxidation enzulu ngakumbi kunye nokuphazamiseka okukhulu kwangaphandle kwezinto zesinyithi ngaphakathi kwidama lokuwelda, okubangela ukudilika kwe-weld okanye ukungalingani kokwakheka.
Iintlobo zegesi yokukhusela
Iigesi ezikhuselayo ezisetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-laser welding ikakhulu yi-N2, i-Ar, kunye ne-He. Iipropati zazo zomzimba nezekhemikhali zahlukile, ngoko ke iziphumo zazo kwi-welds nazo zahlukile.
I-nitrogen (N2)
Amandla e-ionization e-N2 aphakathi, aphezulu kune-Ar, kwaye aphantsi kune-He. Phantsi kokukhanya kwe-laser, inqanaba le-ionization le-N2 lihlala likwi-even keel, nto leyo enokunciphisa ngcono ukwakheka kwelifu le-plasma kwaye yonyuse izinga lokusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo kwe-laser. I-nitrogen inokusabela kwi-aluminium alloy kunye ne-carbon steel kubushushu obuthile ukuvelisa i-nitrides, eya kuphucula ukuqhekeka kwe-weld kwaye inciphise ukuqina, kwaye ibe nefuthe elibi kakhulu kwiimpawu zoomatshini ze-weld joints. Ke ngoko, akucetyiswa ukusebenzisa i-nitrogen xa kudityaniswa i-aluminium alloy kunye ne-carbon steel.
Nangona kunjalo, impendulo yamakhemikhali phakathi kwe-nitrogen kunye nentsimbi engatyiwayo eveliswa yi-nitrogen inokuphucula amandla e-weld joint, nto leyo eya kuba luncedo ekuphuculeni iipropati zoomatshini ze-weld, ngoko ke ukuwelda kwentsimbi engatyiwayo kunokusebenzisa i-nitrogen njengegesi yokukhusela.
I-Argon (Ar)
Amandla e-ionization e-Argon aphantsi kakhulu, kwaye inqanaba layo le-ionization liya kuba phezulu xa isenziwa yi-laser. Emva koko, i-Argon, njengegesi yokukhusela, ayinakulawula ngokufanelekileyo ukwakheka kwamafu e-plasma, okuya kunciphisa izinga lokusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo kwe-laser welding. Umbuzo uphakama: ngaba i-argon ingumntu ongafanelekanga ukusetyenziswa kwe-welding njengegesi yokukhusela? Impendulo nguHayi. Ekubeni iyigesi engasebenziyo, i-Argon kunzima ukuyisabela ngobuninzi beesinyithi, kwaye i-Ar ingabizi ukuyisebenzisa. Ukongeza, uxinano lwe-Ar lukhulu, luya kuba luncedo ekutshoneni kumphezulu wechibi elinyibilikisiweyo le-weld kwaye lunokukhusela ngcono ichibi le-weld, ngoko ke i-Argon ingasetyenziswa njengegesi yokukhusela eqhelekileyo.
IHelium (Yena)
Ngokungafaniyo neArgon, iHelium inamandla aphezulu e-ionization anokulawula ukwakheka kwamafu e-plasma ngokulula. Kwangaxeshanye, iHelium ayisebenzi nakweyiphi na isinyithi. Lukhetho olufanelekileyo ngokwenene lokuwelda nge-laser. Ingxaki kuphela kukuba iHelium ibiza kakhulu. Kwabenzi beemveliso zesinyithi ezivelisa ngobuninzi, ihelium iya kongeza isixa esikhulu kwixabiso lemveliso. Ngaloo ndlela ihelium isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kuphando lwesayensi okanye kwiimveliso ezinexabiso eliphezulu kakhulu.
Ungayivuthela njani igesi yokukhusela?
Okokuqala, kufuneka kucace ukuba into ebizwa ngokuba yi-"oxidation" ye-weld ligama eliqhelekileyo, elithetha ngokwethiyori indlela esebenza ngayo ikhemikhali phakathi kwe-weld kunye nezinto eziyingozi emoyeni, nto leyo ekhokelela ekuwohlokeni kwe-weld. Ngokwesiqhelo, i-weld metal isabela ne-oxygen, i-nitrogen, kunye ne-hydrogen emoyeni kubushushu obuthile.
Ukuthintela ukuba i-weld "ingabi yi-oxidized" kufuna ukunciphisa okanye ukuphepha ukudibana phakathi kwezo zinto zinobungozi kunye ne-weld metal phantsi kobushushu obuphezulu, obungekho kuphela kwi-metal ye-pool enyibilikisiweyo kodwa lonke ixesha ukususela kwixesha apho i-weld metal inyibilikisiwe de i-metal ye-pool enyibilikisiweyo iqine kwaye ubushushu bayo buphola ukuya kubushushu obuthile.
Iindlela ezimbini eziphambili zokuvuthela igesi yokukhusela
▶Omnye uvuthela igesi yokukhusela kwicala, njengoko kubonisiwe kuMfanekiso 1.
▶Enye yindlela yokuvuthela nge-coaxial, njengoko kubonisiwe kuMfanekiso 2.
Umfanekiso 1.
Umfanekiso 2.
Ukukhetha iindlela ezimbini zokuvuthela kujongwa ngokubanzi kwiinkalo ezininzi. Ngokubanzi, kuyacetyiswa ukuba kusetyenziswe indlela yegesi ekhuselayo evuthela ecaleni.
Eminye imizekelo yokuwelda nge-laser
1. Ukuwelda okuthe tye/okunemicu
Njengoko kubonisiwe kuMfanekiso 3, imilo ye-weld yemveliso i-linear, kwaye imo yejoyinti inokuba yi-butt joint, i-lap joint, i-negative corner joint, okanye i-overlapped welding joint. Kolu hlobo lwemveliso, kungcono ukusebenzisa igesi yokukhusela evuthelayo ecaleni njengoko kubonisiwe kuMfanekiso 1.
2. Ukuwelda okusondeleyo okanye indawo
Njengoko kubonisiwe kuMfanekiso 4, imilo ye-weld yemveliso yipatheni evaliweyo efana nokujikeleza kweplane, imilo yeplane multilateral, imilo yeplane multi-segment linear, njl. Imo yejoyinti inokuba yi-butt joint, i-lap joint, i-overlapping welding, njl. Kungcono ukusebenzisa indlela ye-coaxial protective gas njengoko kubonisiwe kuMfanekiso 2 kolu hlobo lwemveliso.
Ukukhethwa kwegesi ekhuselayo kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo umgangatho wokuwelda, ukusebenza kakuhle, kunye neendleko zemveliso, kodwa ngenxa yokwahluka kwezinto zokuwelda, kwinkqubo yokwenyani yokuwelda, ukhetho lwegesi yokuwelda luyinkimbinkimbi ngakumbi kwaye lufuna ukuqwalaselwa ngokubanzi kwezinto zokuwelda, indlela yokuwelda, indawo yokuwelda, kunye neemfuno zesiphumo sokuwelda. Ngovavanyo lokuwelda, ungakhetha igesi yokuwelda efanelekileyo ngakumbi ukuze ufumane iziphumo ezingcono.
Ndinomdla kwi-laser welding kwaye ndizimisele ukufunda indlela yokukhetha igesi yokukhusela
Iikhonkco Ezinxulumeneyo:
Ixesha lokuthumela: Okthobha-10-2022