Njira yoyambira yowotcherera ndi laser imaphatikizapo kuyika mtanda wa laser pamalo olumikizirana pakati pa zipangizo ziwiri pogwiritsa ntchito njira yotumizira kuwala. Mtanda ukakhudza zipangizozo, umasamutsa mphamvu zake, kutentha mofulumira ndikusungunula malo ochepa.
Mndandanda wa Zomwe Zili M'kati
1. Kodi Makina Owotcherera a Laser ndi Chiyani?
Makina ochapira a laser ndi chida cha mafakitale chomwe chimagwiritsa ntchito kuwala kwa laser ngati gwero la kutentha kwambiri kuti chigwirizane ndi zinthu zingapo pamodzi.
Zina mwa makhalidwe ofunikira a makina ochapira laser ndi awa:
1. Gwero la Laser:Ogwiritsa ntchito laser ambiri amakono amagwiritsa ntchito ma solid-state laser diode omwe amapanga kuwala kwa laser kwamphamvu kwambiri mu infrared spectrum. Magwero odziwika bwino a laser ndi CO2, fiber, ndi diode lasers.
2. Ma Optics:Mtambo wa laser umadutsa muzinthu zingapo zowunikira monga magalasi, magalasi, ndi ma nozzles zomwe zimalunjika ndikuwongolera mtandawo kudera losungunula bwino. Manja owonera kapena ma gantries amaika mtandawo pamalo owunikira.
3. Zodzichitira zokha:Makina ambiri odulira zitsulo pogwiritsa ntchito laser ali ndi njira zolumikizirana ndi computer numeral control (CNC) komanso ma robotic kuti azisinthasintha njira ndi njira zodulira zitsulo. Njira zokonzedwa bwino komanso masensa oyankha mafunso amatsimikizira kulondola.
4. Kuyang'anira Njira:Makamera olumikizidwa, ma spectrometer, ndi masensa ena amawunika momwe ntchito yowotcherera imagwirira ntchito nthawi yomweyo. Mavuto aliwonse okhudzana ndi kulumikizidwa kwa beam, kulowa, kapena khalidwe amatha kuzindikirika mwachangu ndikuthetsedwa.
5. Zolumikizira Zachitetezo:Zitseko zoteteza, zitseko, ndi mabatani a e-stop amateteza ogwiritsa ntchito ku kuwala kwa laser komwe kumayendetsedwa ndi mphamvu zambiri. Maloko olumikizirana amatseka laser ngati njira zotetezera zaphwanyidwa.
Mwachidule, makina ochapira pogwiritsa ntchito laser ndi chida chowongolera makompyuta, cholondola chomwe chimagwiritsa ntchito kuwala kwa laser kolunjika pa ntchito zochapira pogwiritsa ntchito laser zokha komanso zobwerezabwereza.
2. Kodi Kuwotcherera kwa Laser Kumagwira Ntchito Bwanji?
Magawo ena ofunikira mu ndondomeko yowotcherera laser ndi awa:
1. Kupanga kwa Mtambo wa Laser:Diode ya laser yolimba kapena gwero lina limapanga kuwala kwa infrared.
2. Kutumiza kwa Matabwa: Magalasi, magalasi, ndi nozzle zimangoyang'ana bwino mtengowo pamalo opapatiza pa workpiece.
3. Kutentha kwa Zinthu:Mtanda umatenthetsa zinthu mwachangu, ndipo kuchuluka kwake kumafika pa 106 W/cm2.
4. Kusungunula ndi Kulumikiza:Dziwe laling'ono losungunuka limapangidwa pomwe zinthuzo zimalumikizana. Dziwe likamauma, cholumikizira cholumikizira chimapangidwa.
5. Kuziziritsa ndi Kulimbitsanso: Malo osungunula madzi amazizira kwambiri kuposa 104°C/sekondi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kapangidwe kake kakhale kolimba komanso kosalala.
6. Kupita Patsogolo:Mtanda umasuntha kapena ziwalozo zimayikidwanso pamalo ena ndipo njirayi imabwerezabwereza kuti amalize msoko wothira. Mpweya woteteza wosagwiritsidwa ntchito ungagwiritsidwenso ntchito.
Mwachidule, kuwotcherera kwa laser kumagwiritsa ntchito kuwala kwa laser komwe kumayendetsedwa bwino komanso kutentha koyendetsedwa bwino kuti kupange ma weld apamwamba komanso osakhudzidwa ndi kutentha kwambiri.
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3. Kodi kulumikiza laser kuli bwino kuposa MIG?
Poyerekeza ndi njira zachikhalidwe zowotcherera zitsulo zopanda mpweya (MIG) ...
Kuwotcherera kwa laser kuli ndi ubwino wambiri:
1. Kulondola: Matabwa a laser amatha kulumikizidwa pamalo ang'onoang'ono a 0.1-1mm, zomwe zimathandiza kuti ma welds olondola kwambiri komanso obwerezabwereza agwiritsidwe ntchito. Izi ndi zabwino kwambiri pazigawo zazing'ono zomwe zimapirira kwambiri.
2. Liwiro:Kuchuluka kwa kutchinjiriza kwa laser kumakhala kofulumira kwambiri kuposa MIG, makamaka pa ma gauge opyapyala. Izi zimathandizira kupanga bwino komanso zimachepetsa nthawi yozungulira.
3. Ubwino:Gwero la kutentha lokhazikika limapangitsa kuti pakhale kusokonekera kochepa komanso madera ochepa omwe amakhudzidwa ndi kutentha. Izi zimapangitsa kuti pakhale ma weld amphamvu komanso apamwamba.
4. Zodzichitira zokha:Kuwotcherera pogwiritsa ntchito laser kumachitika zokha pogwiritsa ntchito robotics ndi CNC. Izi zimathandiza kuti mapangidwe ovuta komanso kukhala ogwirizana poyerekeza ndi kuwotcherera pogwiritsa ntchito MIG.
5. Zipangizo:Ma laser amatha kuphatikiza zinthu zambiri, kuphatikizapo zitsulo zosiyanasiyana komanso zolumikizira zitsulo zosiyanasiyana.
Komabe, MIG welding ili ndiubwino winakugwiritsa ntchito laser m'magwiritsidwe ena:
1. Mtengo:Zipangizo za MIG zimakhala ndi ndalama zochepa zoyambira zomwe zimawononga ndalama poyerekeza ndi makina a laser.
2. Zipangizo zokhuthala:MIG ndi yoyenera kwambiri powotcherera zitsulo zokhuthala kuposa 3mm, komwe kuyamwa kwa laser kungakhale kovuta.
3. Mpweya woteteza:MIG imagwiritsa ntchito chishango cha mpweya chosagwira ntchito kuti chiteteze malo olumikizirana, pomwe laser nthawi zambiri imagwiritsa ntchito njira yotsekedwa ya mtanda.
Mwachidule, kulumikiza laser nthawi zambiri kumakondedwa ndi anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga.kulondola, zochita zokha, komanso mtundu wa kuwotcherera.
Koma MIG ikadali yopikisana popangazoyezera zokhuthala pa bajeti.
Njira yoyenera imadalira kugwiritsa ntchito kuwotcherera ndi zofunikira zina.
4. Kodi Kuwetsa ndi Laser Ndikwabwino Kuposa Kuwetsa ndi TIG?
Kuwotcherera kwa Tungsten inert gas (TIG) ndi njira yopangidwa ndi manja, yaukadaulo yomwe ingapangitse zotsatira zabwino kwambiri pa zipangizo zoonda.
Komabe, laser welding ili ndi zabwino zina kuposa TIG:
1. Liwiro:Kuwotcherera kwa laser kumachitika mwachangu kwambiri kuposa TIG pakupanga chifukwa cha kulondola kwake kokha. Izi zimathandizira kuti ntchito igwire bwino ntchito.
2. Kulondola:Kuwala kwa laser komwe kumakhazikika kumalola kulondola kwa malo kufika pamlingo wa milimita imodzi. Izi sizingafanane ndi dzanja la munthu ndi TIG.
3. Kulamulira:Zosintha za njira monga kutentha ndi mawonekedwe a weld zimayendetsedwa bwino ndi laser, kuonetsetsa kuti zotsatira zake zimagwirizana.
4. Zipangizo:TIG ndi yabwino kwambiri pa zipangizo zoyendetsera mpweya zoonda, pomwe kuwotcherera ndi laser kumatsegula mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zinthu zosiyanasiyana.
5. Zodzichitira zokha: Makina a laser a robotic amaloleza kuwotcherera kokhazikika popanda kutopa, pomwe TIG nthawi zambiri imafuna chisamaliro chokwanira ndi ukatswiri wa wogwiritsa ntchito.
Komabe, TIG welding imasunga ubwino wake.ntchito yolondola yoyezera bwino kapena kuwotcherera alloykomwe kutentha kuyenera kusinthidwa mosamala. Pa ntchito izi, kukhudza kwa katswiri waluso n'kofunika.
5. Kodi Kuipa kwa Kuwotcherera ndi Laser ndi Chiyani?
Monga momwe zimakhalira ndi njira ina iliyonse yamafakitale, kuwotcherera laser kuli ndi zovuta zina zomwe ziyenera kuganiziridwa:
1. Mtengo: Ngakhale kuti makina a laser amphamvu kwambiri akukhala otsika mtengo, amafunika ndalama zambiri poyerekeza ndi njira zina zowotcherera.
2. Zogwiritsidwa ntchito:Ma nozzle a gasi ndi ma optics amawonongeka pakapita nthawi ndipo ayenera kusinthidwa, zomwe zimawonjezera mtengo wa umwini.
3. Chitetezo:Ma protocol okhwima ndi nyumba zotetezedwa zotsekedwa zimafunika kuti zisawonongeke ndi kuwala kwa laser kwamphamvu kwambiri.
4. Maphunziro:Ogwira ntchito amafunika kuphunzitsidwa kuti agwire ntchito mosamala komanso mosamala zida zowotcherera ndi laser.
5. Mzere wowonekera:Mtambo wa laser umayenda m'mizere yowongoka, kotero ma geometri ovuta angafunike miyeso ingapo kapena kusinthidwa kwa workpiece.
6. Kumwa:Zipangizo zina monga chitsulo chokhuthala kapena aluminiyamu zingakhale zovuta kuzilumikiza ngati sizitenga bwino mphamvu yeniyeni ya laser.
Komabe, ndi njira zoyenera zodzitetezera, maphunziro, ndi kukonza bwino njira, kuwotcherera pogwiritsa ntchito laser kumapereka phindu, kulondola, komanso ubwino pa ntchito zambiri zamafakitale.
6. Kodi Kuwotcherera kwa Laser Kumafunika Gasi?
Mosiyana ndi njira zowotcherera zotetezedwa ndi mpweya, kuwotcherera ndi laser sikufuna kugwiritsa ntchito mpweya woteteza womwe ukuyenda pamwamba pa malo owotcherera. Izi zili choncho chifukwa:
1. Kuwala kwa laser komwe kumayendetsedwa bwino kumadutsa mumlengalenga kuti kupange dziwe laling'ono, lokhala ndi mphamvu zambiri lomwe limasungunuka ndikulumikiza zinthuzo.
2. Mpweya wozungulira suli ngati ionized arc ya mpweya wa plasma ndipo susokoneza kuwala kapena kupangika kwa weld.
3. Cholumikiziracho chimauma mofulumira kwambiri kuchokera ku kutentha kwakukulu kotero kuti chimapangidwa ma oxide asanapangidwe pamwamba.
Komabe, ntchito zina zapadera zowotcherera ndi laser zingapindulebe pogwiritsa ntchito mpweya wothandizira:
1. Pa zitsulo zosinthika monga aluminiyamu, mpweya umateteza dziwe lotentha lothira mpweya ku mpweya womwe umakhala mumlengalenga.
2. Pa ntchito za laser yamphamvu kwambiri, mpweya umalimbitsa utsi wa plasma womwe umapangidwa panthawi yolumikizira mozama.
3. Ma jet a gasi amachotsa utsi ndi zinyalala kuti azitha kutumiza bwino kuwala kwa dzuwa pamalo odetsedwa kapena opakidwa utoto.
Mwachidule, ngakhale kuti sikofunikira kwenikweni, mpweya wopanda mpweya ungapereke ubwino pa ntchito zinazake zovuta zowotcherera ndi laser kapena zipangizo zina. Koma njirayi nthawi zambiri imatha kugwira ntchito bwino popanda mpweyawu.
Pafupifupi zitsulo zonse zimatha kulumikizidwa ndi laser kuphatikizazitsulo, aluminiyamu, titaniyamu, nickel alloys, ndi zina zotero.
Ngakhale kuphatikiza zitsulo zosiyana n'kotheka. Chofunika ndichakutiayenera kuyamwa bwino mphamvu ya laser.
Mapepala opyapyala ngati0.1mm ndipo makulidwe ake ndi 25mmnthawi zambiri imatha kulumikizidwa ndi laser, kutengera momwe imagwiritsidwira ntchito komanso mphamvu ya laser.
Zigawo zokhuthala zingafunike kuwotcherera kwa multi-pass kapena optics yapadera.
Zoonadi. Maselo olumikizirana a laser a robotic amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'malo opangira zinthu mwachangu komanso odzipangira okha pazinthu monga kupanga magalimoto.
Kuchuluka kwa mphamvu ya maginito a mamita angapo pamphindi ndikotheka.
Magwiritsidwe ntchito odziwika bwino a laser angapezeke mumagalimoto, zamagetsi, zipangizo zachipatala, ndege, zida/kufa, ndi kupanga zinthu zazing'ono zolondola.
Ukadaulo ndikufalikira mosalekeza m'magawo atsopano.
Zinthu zofunika kuziganizira zikuphatikizapo zipangizo zogwirira ntchito, kukula/kukhuthala, zosowa zogwirira ntchito, bajeti, ndi mtundu wofunikira wa weld.
Ogulitsa odziwika bwino angathandize kusankha mtundu woyenera wa laser, mphamvu, kuwala, ndi makina odzichitira okha pa ntchito yanu.
Njira zodziwika bwino zowotcherera pogwiritsa ntchito laser zimaphatikizapo ma butt, lap, fillet, piercing, ndi cladding welds.
Njira zina zatsopano monga kupanga zowonjezera za laser zikupezekanso kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito pokonza ndi kupanga zitsanzo.
Inde, kuwotcherera ndi laser ndikoyenera kukonza molondola zinthu zamtengo wapatali.
Kutentha kowonjezereka kumachepetsa kuwonongeka kwina kwa zinthu zoyambira panthawi yokonza.
Mukufuna Kuyamba ndi Makina Osefera a Laser?
Bwanji Osatiganizira?
Nthawi yotumizira: Feb-12-2024