Inkqubo esisiseko yokuwelda nge-laser ibandakanya ukujolisa umqadi we-laser kwindawo edibeneyo phakathi kwezinto ezimbini kusetyenziswa inkqubo yokuhambisa ebonakalayo. Xa umqadi udibana nezinto, udlulisela amandla awo, ufudumale ngokukhawuleza kwaye unyibilikise indawo encinci.
Uluhlu Lomxholo
1. Yintoni umatshini wokuwelda ngeLaser?
Umatshini wokuwelda nge-laser sisixhobo semizi-mveliso esisebenzisa umqadi we-laser njengomthombo wobushushu oqinileyo ukudibanisa izinto ezininzi kunye.
Ezinye zeempawu eziphambili zoomatshini bokuwelda nge-laser ziquka:
1. Umthombo weLaser:Uninzi lwabawelda be-laser banamhlanje basebenzisa ii-diode ze-laser eziqinileyo ezivelisa umqadi we-laser onamandla aphezulu kwi-infrared spectrum. Imithombo eqhelekileyo ye-laser ibandakanya ii-CO2, i-fiber, kunye ne-diode lasers.
2. I-Optics:Umqadi welaser uhamba kuthotho lwezinto ezibonakalayo ezifana nezipili, iilensi, kunye neempumlo ezigxila kwaye ziqondise umqadi kwindawo yokuwelda ngokuchanekileyo. Iingalo zeTelescoping okanye iigantries zibeka umqadi kwindawo.
3. Ukuzenzekelayo:Ii-laser welders ezininzi zinomxube we-computer numeral control (CNC) kunye ne-robotics ukuze zenze iipatheni kunye neenkqubo zokuwelda ezintsonkothileyo ngokuzenzekelayo. Iindlela ezicwangcisiweyo kunye nee-feedback sensors ziqinisekisa ukuchaneka.
4. Ukubeka iliso kwinkqubo:Iikhamera ezidityanisiweyo, ii-spectrometer, kunye nezinye ii-sensors zijonga inkqubo yokuwelda ngexesha langempela. Naziphi na iingxaki malunga nokulungelelaniswa kwemitha, ukungena, okanye umgangatho zinokufunyaniswa ngokukhawuleza kwaye zisonjululwe.
5. Ii-Interlocks zoKhuseleko:Iingcango ezikhuselayo, iingcango, kunye namaqhosha e-e-stop akhusela abasebenzi kwi-laser beam enamandla aphezulu. Ii-interlocks ziyayivala i-laser ukuba imigaqo yokhuseleko ayilandelwanga.
Ngoko ke, ngokufutshane, umatshini wokuwelda nge-laser sisixhobo esilawulwa yikhompyutha nesichanekile semizi-mveliso esisebenzisa umqadi we-laser ogxile kwizicelo zokuwelda ezizenzekelayo neziphindaphindwayo.
2. Isebenza njani i-Laser Welding?
Amanye amanqanaba abalulekileyo kwinkqubo yokuwelda nge-laser aquka:
1. Ukuveliswa kweLaser Beam:I-diode ye-laser ye-solid-state okanye omnye umthombo uvelisa umqadi we-infrared.
2. Ukuhanjiswa kweBeam: Izibuko, iilensi, kunye nomlomo ocacileyo zigxila ngqo umqadi kwindawo eqinileyo kwindawo yokusebenza.
3. Ukufudumeza Izinto:Umqadi uyayifudumeza ngokukhawuleza le nto, kwaye uxinano lusondela kwi-106 W/cm2.
4. Ukunyibilikisa nokudibanisa:Idama elincinci elinyibilikayo lenzeka apho izinto zidibana khona. Njengoko idama liqina, kwakheka i-weld joint.
5. Ukuphola kunye nokuqinisa kwakhona: Indawo yokuwelda iphola ngamaqondo aphezulu angaphezu kwe-104°C/ngomzuzwana, nto leyo eyenza isakhiwo esincinci esiqinileyo nesithambileyo.
6. Inkqubela phambili:Umqadi uyashukuma okanye iindawo zibekwe ngokutsha kwaye inkqubo iphinda-phinda ukuze kugqitywe umthungo we-weld. Igesi yokukhusela engafakwanga ingasetyenziswa.
Ngoko ke, ngokufutshane, ukuwelda nge-laser kusebenzisa umqadi we-laser ogxile kakhulu kunye nokujikeleza kobushushu okulawulwayo ukuvelisa ukuwelda kweendawo ezikumgangatho ophezulu, ezichaphazeleka bubushushu obuphantsi.
Sibonelele ngolwazi oluluncedo malunga noomatshini bokuwelda ngeLaser
Kunye nezisombululo ezenzelwe wena kwishishini lakho
3. Ngaba i-Laser Welding ingcono kune-MIG?
Xa kuthelekiswa neenkqubo zemveli zokuwelda zegesi yesinyithi engangenisi mveliso (MIG)...
Ukuwelda nge-laser kuneenzuzo ezininzi:
1. Ukuchaneka: Imisebe yelaser ingajoliswa kwindawo encinci eyi-0.1-1mm, nto leyo evumela ukuwelda okuchanekileyo nokuphindaphindwayo. Oku kulungele iindawo ezincinci, ezinyamezelayo kakhulu.
2. Isantya:Amazinga okuwelda kwi-laser akhawuleza kakhulu kune-MIG, ingakumbi kwii-thinner gauges. Oku kuphucula imveliso kwaye kunciphisa amaxesha okujikeleza.
3. Umgangatho:Umthombo wobushushu obuxineneyo uvelisa ukugqwetheka okuncinci kunye neendawo ezixineneyo ezichaphazeleka bubushushu. Oku kuphumela kwii-welds eziqinileyo nezisemgangathweni ophezulu.
4. Ukuzenzekelayo:Ukuwelda nge-laser kwenziwa ngokuzenzekelayo kusetyenziswa iirobhothi kunye ne-CNC. Oku kwenza kube lula ukwenza iipateni ezintsonkothileyo kunye nokuphucula ukufana xa kuthelekiswa nokuwelda nge-MIG ngesandla.
5. Izixhobo:Iilaser zinokudibanisa izinto ezininzi ezidityanisiweyo, kuquka izinto ezininzi kunye neentsimbi ezahlukeneyo.
Nangona kunjalo, i-MIG welding inayoezinye izibonelelongaphezulu kwe-laser kwezinye izicelo:
1. Ixabiso:Izixhobo ze-MIG zinexabiso eliphantsi lotyalo-mali lokuqala kuneenkqubo ze-laser.
2. Izixhobo ezityebileyo:I-MIG ilungele ngakumbi ukuwelda iindawo zentsimbi ezityebileyo ezingaphezulu kwe-3mm, apho ukufunxwa nge-laser kunokuba yingxaki.
3. Igesi yokukhusela:I-MIG isebenzisa isikhuselo segesi esingasebenziyo ukukhusela indawo yokuwelda, ngelixa i-laser idla ngokusebenzisa indlela evaliweyo yomqadi.
Ngoko ke, ngokufutshane, ukuwelda nge-laser kudla ngokukhethwa kakhuluukuchaneka, ukuzenzekela, kunye nomgangatho wokuwelda.
Kodwa i-MIG isakhuphisana ngokuvelisaiigeyiji ezityebileyo xa kujongwa uhlahlo-lwabiwo mali.
Inkqubo elungileyo ixhomekeke kwisicelo esithile sokuwelda kunye neemfuno zenxalenye.
4. Ngaba ukuWelda ngeLaser kungcono kuneTig Welding?
Ukuwelda ngegesi ye-tungsten inert (TIG) yinkqubo eyenziwa ngesandla, enobuchule bobugcisa enokwenza iziphumo ezigqwesileyo kwizinto ezincinci.
Nangona kunjalo, ukuwelda nge-laser kuneenzuzo ezithile ngaphezu kwe-TIG:
1. Isantya:Ukuwelda nge-laser kukhawuleza kakhulu kune-TIG kwizicelo zemveliso ngenxa yokuchaneka kwayo ngokuzenzekelayo. Oku kuphucula ukusebenza kwayo.
2. Ukuchaneka:Umqadi welaser ogxileyo uvumela ukuchaneka kokubeka kwindawo ngaphakathi kwekhulu leemilimitha. Oku akunakulinganiswa nesandla somntu nge-TIG.
3. Ulawulo:Izinto eziguquguqukayo zenkqubo ezifana nokufakwa kobushushu kunye nejiyometri ye-weld zilawulwa ngokuqinileyo nge-laser, ukuqinisekisa iziphumo ezihambelanayo kwi-batch.
4. Izixhobo:I-TIG yeyona ilungileyo kwizinto eziqhuba umbane ezincinci, ngelixa ukuwelda nge-laser kuvula uluhlu olubanzi lwemixube yezinto ezininzi.
5. Ukuzenzekelayo: Iinkqubo ze-laser zerobhothi zivumela ukuwelda okuzenzakalelayo ngokupheleleyo ngaphandle kokudinwa, ngelixa i-TIG ngokubanzi ifuna ingqalelo epheleleyo kunye nobuchule bomqhubi.
Nangona kunjalo, ukuwelda kwe-TIG kugcina inzuzoumsebenzi wokuchaneka kwe-thin-gauge okanye i-alloy weldingapho igalelo lobushushu kufuneka lihlengahlengiswe ngononophelo. Kwezi zicelo, ukuchukumisa kwengcali enobuchule kubalulekile.
5. Yintoni ingxaki yokuWelda ngeLaser?
Njengakweminye imisebenzi yemizi-mveliso, ukuwelda nge-laser kuneengxaki ezithile ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe:
1. Ixabiso: Nangona zifikeleleka lula, iinkqubo ze-laser ezinamandla aphezulu zifuna utyalo-mali olukhulu xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iindlela zokuwelda.
2. Izinto ezisetyenziswayo:Ii-nozzles zegesi kunye nee-optics ziyawohloka ngokuhamba kwexesha kwaye kufuneka zitshintshwe, nto leyo eyongeza kwiindleko zobunini.
3. Ukhuseleko:Iiprotokholi ezingqongqo kunye neendawo zokhuseleko ezivaliweyo ziyafuneka ukuthintela ukuvezwa kumqadi welaser onamandla aphezulu.
4. Uqeqesho:Abaqhubi bafuna uqeqesho ukuze basebenze ngokukhuselekileyo kwaye bagcine ngokufanelekileyo izixhobo zokuwelda nge-laser.
5. Umgca wokubona:Umqadi welaser uhamba ngemigca ethe tye, ngoko ke iijometri ezintsonkothileyo zinokufuna imiqadi emininzi okanye ukutshintshwa kweendawo zokusebenza.
6. Ukufunxa:Izinto ezithile ezifana nentsimbi etyebileyo okanye i-aluminium zinokuba nzima ukuzihlanganisa ukuba azifunxi kakuhle ubude be-laser.
Nangona kunjalo, ngononophelo olufanelekileyo, uqeqesho, kunye nokuphuculwa kwenkqubo, ukuwelda nge-laser kubonelela ngemveliso, ukuchaneka, kunye neenzuzo zomgangatho kwizicelo ezininzi zoshishino.
6. Ngaba ukuWelda ngeLaser kuyayidinga igesi?
Ngokungafaniyo neenkqubo zokuwelda ezikhuselwe yigesi, ukuwelda nge-laser akudingi kusetyenziswa igesi yokukhusela engasebenziyo ehamba phezu kwendawo yokuwelda. Oku kungenxa yokuba:
1. Umqadi welaser ogxile emoyeni uhamba emoyeni ukuze wenze ichibi elincinci, elinamandla aphezulu elinyibilikayo kwaye lidibanise izinto.
2. Umoya ojikelezileyo awufakwanga i-ion njenge-arc ye-plasma yegesi kwaye awuphazamisi ukwakheka kwe-beam okanye i-weld.
3. I-weld iqina ngokukhawuleza ngenxa yobushushu obuxineneyo kangangokuba iyenzeka ngaphambi kokuba ii-oxides zenzeke phezu komhlaba.
Nangona kunjalo, ezinye izicelo ezikhethekileyo ze-laser welding zisenokuzuza ekusebenziseni igesi yokuncedisa:
1. Kwizinyithi ezisabelayo ezifana ne-aluminium, igesi ikhusela ichibi elishushu le-weld kwi-oksijini esemoyeni.
2. Kwimisebenzi yelaser enamandla aphezulu, igesi izinzisa i-plasma plume eyenziwa ngexesha lokuwelda okunzulu.
3. Iijethi zegesi zisusa umsi kunye nenkunkuma ukuze zisasazeke ngcono kwiindawo ezimdaka okanye ezipeyintiweyo.
Ngoko ke, ngamafutshane, nangona kungeyomfuneko kangako, igesi engasebenziyo inokubonelela ngeenzuzo kwizicelo ezithile okanye izixhobo zokuwelda nge-laser ezinzima. Kodwa inkqubo idla ngokusebenza kakuhle ngaphandle kwayo.
Phantse zonke iintsimbi zinokudityaniswa nge-laser, kuqukaintsimbi, i-aluminium, i-titanium, i-nickel alloys, nezinye izinto.
Kunokwenzeka nokuba kubekho ukuhlanganiswa kweentsimbi ezahlukeneyo. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukubakufuneka ifunxe ubude be-laser ngokufanelekileyo.
Amaphepha abhityile njenge0.1mm kwaye ubukhulu bayo bungama-25mmNgokwesiqhelo ingadityaniswa nge-laser, kuxhomekeke kwisicelo esithile kunye namandla e-laser.
Iindawo ezityebileyo zinokufuna ukuwelda nge-multi-pass okanye i-optics ekhethekileyo.
Ngokuqinisekileyo. Iiseli zokuwelda nge-laser yerobhothi zihlala zisetyenziswa kwiindawo zemveliso ezizenzekelayo nezikhawulezayo kwizicelo ezifana nokuveliswa kweemoto.
Izinga lokuphuma kombane eliziimitha ezininzi ngomzuzu linokufikeleleka.
Usetyenziso oluqhelekileyo lokuwelda nge-laser lunokufumaneka kwiiimoto, izixhobo ze-elektroniki, izixhobo zonyango, i-aerospace, izixhobo/i-die, kunye nokuveliswa kwezixhobo ezincinci ngokuchanekileyo.
Le teknolojiisanda ngokuqhubekayo iye kumacandelo amatsha.
Izinto ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe ziquka izixhobo zokusebenza, ubungakanani/ubungqingqwa, iimfuno zokusetyenziswa, uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali, kunye nomgangatho ofunekayo wokuwelda.
Ababoneleli abadumileyo banokukunceda ucacise uhlobo lwelaser olufanelekileyo, amandla, i-optics, kunye ne-automation kwisicelo sakho esithile.
Iindlela eziqhelekileyo zokuwelda nge-laser ziquka i-butt, i-lap, i-fillet, i-piarming, kunye ne-cladding welds.
Ezinye iindlela ezintsha ezifana nokuveliswa kwezinto ezongeziweyo nge-laser nazo ziyavela ukuze kulungiswe kwaye kusetyenziswe iiprototyping.
Ewe, ukuwelda nge-laser kufanelekile kakhulu ekulungiseni ngokuchanekileyo izinto ezixabisekileyo.
Ukufakwa kobushushu obuqinileyo kunciphisa umonakalo owongezelelweyo kwizinto ezisisiseko ngexesha lokulungiswa.
Ngaba ufuna ukuqala ngomatshini wokuwelda nge-laser?
Kutheni singacingi ngathi?
Ixesha lokuthumela: Februwari-12-2024